Types Of Industries

Footloose Industries can be located anywhere because their raw materials are very light.

Their raw materials are also small in size. For example: - Watch industry.

Automobile industry is a heavy industry.

Heavy industry produces heavy products using bulky raw materials. Other example can be Steel industry.

Market Oriented industry is located near the market.

These industries are located near the markets as they produce perishable goods which can be easily broken during long transportation.

Handloom industry is an example of a Small-scale industry.

Small scale industries require small labour force and small investments as their raw material and machinery equipment costs are not high.

Processing industries convert raw materials into finished products.

These industries are also called manufacturing industries. For example: - Conversion of yarn into fabric.

Private Sectors are owned by individuals or small groups. Government does not have any share in that.

These industries require huge investments, large amounts of workers in their industries to manufacture. For example: Iron and Steel industry.

Forest industry is an industry whose raw materials like wood are brought from forest.

Agro-based industry is an industry whose raw materials are obtained from agriculture production as in this case cotton production is used.

Sugar industry is located near to sugar agriculture production as it needs to be processed immediately after harvesting. The sugar decrease within 24 hours of harvesting.

1. Ginning Cotton industry

2. Tanning Leather industry

3. Smelting Iron industry

4. Capital Heavy industry

5. Weaving Handloom industry

Explanation:

Ginning, Tanning, Smelting and Weaving are the process involved in Cotton, Leather, Iron and Handloom industries respectively.

Capital is the important requirement of the heavy industry.

There are three types of industries based on their location:

• Raw material oriented

• Market oriented

• Footloose industry

The following are the types of industries classified according to their size:

• Large scale industry

• Medium scale industry

• Small scale industry

• Cottage industry

It is a type of industry which takes two or more finished product as inputs and assemble them to form a new product. It requires highly skilled labour. For example Automobile industry

Watch industry and household goods industry are few example of light industry. Their rawmaterials and the finished product are light in weight. They are usually are less capital-intensive than heavy industry and are more consumer-oriented.

Cottage industries is a very small-scale industry which is usually run by a household. Handloom products, Hand-made jewelry are some examples of cottage industries.

Large Scale industries are those industries which require huge investment for its establishment, large tools and machinery and large number of both skilled and unskilled workers to operate those equipments. It also takes large piece of land to construct the industry. Iron and steel industries like SAIL in Salem, Tata and Iron steel in Jamshedpur are examples of large scale industries. As the name tells, Small scale industries are the industries which requires small investment, small piece of land and small work force. It is totally opposite to the large-scale industries. Hosiery and manufacturing of stationary items are some of the examples of small scale industries.

There are three types of industries on the basis of raw materials:

• Forest based industry: In this type of industry all the raw material of the industries come from forest. For example, making of any paper and furniture product requires wood as a raw material.

• Agro-based industry: Those industries which take its raw material from agriculture production. Cotton and textile industry, Guar Gum industry are some examples of agro-based industry.

• Mineral based industry: Mineral ores are the raw materials of these industries. They process the ore to produce the product. For example, Cement Industry, Thermal power plants are mineral based industries.

Industries are classified on the basis of:

• Raw material: Further it is divided in three types of industry as agro-based industry, mineral based industry and forest-based industry depending upon the type of raw material is using the industry. It can be agriculture production, mineral ore or any forest raw material like wood.

• Location: On the basis of location we have Raw material-oriented industry, market-oriented industry and footloose industry. Raw material-oriented industries are located close to their source like sugarcane industry. Market oriented industries are located near to markets as the product is perishable in nature like Dairy industry and Glass items industry. Footloose industry can be located anywhere as raw material required is not heavy weight.

• Size: Large scale industry, cottage industry, Small scale industry and Medium scale industries is the classification based on the size of industry. Size of industry’s establishment in terms of investment and labour force determines the type of industry.

• Production Process: There are two types of industries on the basis of process involved in production. Heavy industry produces on large scale and heavy products which also requires intensive processing of raw materials like Cement industry whereas Light industry produces light products using light weight raw material and it is also more consumer oriented like watch industry.

• Nature of work: Processing, Manufacturing and assembling industries are divided on the basis of nature of work of industry. Processing and manufacturing industries produce semi-finished and finished goods from raw materials respectively. Assembling industry assembles two or more finished products.

• Nature of ownership: Public sector has the ownership of government like SAIL whereas private sector has ownership of individuals or small groups like Reliance. These are two types of industries of this classification.

• Thermal Power plant - mineral based industry

• Cotton company - agro based industry

• Pencil manufacturing company - forest based industry

• Cement industry - raw material-oriented mineral based industry

• Dairy industry - market-oriented industry

• Handloom mat - cottage industry

• Cattle food manufacturing - small scale industry

• Automobile company - assembling industry

• Integral Coach factory large scale industry

• Agro Seed manufacturing - agro based industry

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