Rivers And Lakes Of India

Option (a) is correct because the origin of the river Sutlej is Rakshash Tal. Rakshastal is a lake in Tibet near Mount Kailas. The Sutlej River originates at Rakshastal northwestern tip. The river Sutlej flows from west and southwest through the region of Punjab.

Option (b) is not correct because Sutlej is a river and it cannot originate from its own lake and there is no specific lake found.

Option (c) is not correct because Kamal Tal is a lake in Uttarakhand. It is located just opposite of Naukuchiatal.

Option (d) is not correct because Ram Tal is one of the lakes which form the Sat Tal. Ram Tal is named after the characters in Ramayana.

Option (c) is correct because the effect of the slope of peninsular plateau can be seen in direction of water flow. The slope of any region is usually calculated by direction of water flow. Most of the peninsular rivers flow west to east indicating its general slope.

Option (a) is not correct because structure of peninsular is roughly triangular in shape. It has been a stable shield which has gone through little structural changes since its formation.

Option (b) is not correct because peninsular plateau slope depends on direction of water flow not on the amount of water.

Option (d) is not correct because peninsular plateau is made up of sandstone, soil. Amount of soil cannot determine its slope.

Option (d) is correct because Parvati is not an inland drainage river. Inland Drainage Rivers are those rivers which rise from somewhere and do not reach the sea. It is the river in Himachal Pradesh and flows into the Beas River at Bhuntar.

Option (a) is not correct because Mantha is inland drainage river. It merges into Sambhar Lake.

Option (b) is not correct because Meda is inland drainage river. It is the river in the Kimberley of Western Australia.

Option (c) is not correct because Kakni is inland drainage river. It is a small seasonal river of Jaisalmer and drain into Bhuj Lake.

Option (b) is correct because the largest fresh water in Rajasthan is Jaisamand. It is also sweet water lakes. It is India’s second largest artificial lake.

Option (a) is not correct because Rajsamand is also freshwater lake but not the largest fresh water lake in Rajasthan. It is located in Udaipur.

Option (c) is not correct because Sambhar Lake is India’s largest inland salt lake and it is located in southwest of Jaipur.

Option (d) is not correct because Pushkar Lake is described as Tirtha Raj, the king of all pilgrimage sites.

The origin of the Ganga River is Gangotri glacier. Gangotri glacier is located in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, India. It is a valley type glacier and flows to northwest direction. The Gangotri glacier is a traditional Hindu pilgrimage site.

Thanjavur is called Garden of South. Thanjavur is a city in state of Tamil Nadu. It is a very fertile district which is made up of delta of Kaveri River. The district is the main rice producing region in the state. It is also known as Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu.

Kapildhara Waterfall is located on river Narmada. It is located in the Amarkantak district of Madhya Pradesh. It lies at a distance of 6 km from the Narmada Kund. Two other rivers Kapila and Erandi join the Narmada River to form the Kapildhara falls.

Aravalli is the mountain range which divides the drainage system of Rajasthan into two parts. Aravalli range forms the main watershed for Rajasthan. It divides the drainage into the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

Salt Lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes.

The names of two salt water lakes are:

*Sambhar Lake: It is the largest salt water in India which is located near Phulera in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

*Pachpadra Lake: It is a salt lake located near Pachpadra in Barmer district, Rajasthan.

Banswara is known as region of 100 islands due to the presence of numerous islands on the Mahi River named Chachakota where the islands located which flows through Banswara. It is located in south Rajasthan and also known as Cherrapunji of Rajasthan.

Sindh - Saraswati civilization was developed on the Saraswati River. The Saraswati river ran parallel to the Sindhu River, about two hundred miles east of it. This civilization reached its zenith in the period between 2500 BCE and 1700 BCE. More than fifteen hundred cities developed on the banks of these two great rivers.

Brahmaputra is the longest river of India. It rises in Tibet east of Mansarovar Lake. It is very close to the source of the Indus and Sutlej.

The names of the rivers of the Brahmaputra river system are:

*Dibang: This is a tributary river of the Brahmaputra that originated and flows through the Mishmi Hills and northeast India from the state of Arunachal Pradesh. This river is also known as Sikang in Adi and Talon in Idu.

*Lohit: It is a tributary to the Brahmaputra River. This river is also known as Zayu River. The river rises in Tibet Autonomous Region. This river comes into India from China and flows near India’s eastern most inhabited tip, at a place called Kibithu.

*Manas: This is a transboundary river in the Himalayan foothills between southern Bhutan and India. It is the largest river system of Bhutan.

*Kapila: This River is also called Kapila. It is one of the tributaries of the river Cauvery in southern India. It originates in the Wayanad district of Kerala state.

*Dhansiri: It is the main river of Golaghat district of Assam and the Dimapur district of Nagaland.

Arabian Sea is the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean. Arabian Sea drainage system is one of the drainage systems of Rajasthan. The Luni, Mahi and Sabarmati rivers are included in this system. Luni and Mahi are the main rivers. Luni is located in western part of Rajasthan and originates from Naga Mountain. The Mahi River originates from Amjhor district of Madhya Pradesh. It flows into the Gulf of Khambhat. Sabarmati River originates in the Aravalli Range of the Udaipur district of Rajasthan and meets the Gulf of Khambhat of Arabian Sea. It is one of the major west flowing rivers in India.

Bay of Bengal drainage system is one of the drainage systems of Rajasthan. The Chambal, the Banas and the Banganga are the rivers which are included in this system and these rivers flow into the Yamuna River.

Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in the central India. It originates from hill of Janapav near Mahu in Madhya Pradesh and flows in the some district of Rajasthan. Some dam like Rana Pratap Sagar Dam, Gandhi Sagar dam have been built on this river.

Banas is also known as “The hope of forest” and it originates from hill of Kumbhalgarh at monastery of Vero.

Banganga River originates from the Bairath hills in Jaipur. Jamwa Ramgarh dam has been constructed on this river.

The Rivers of Arabian Sea drainage system are:

*Narmada River: It is a river in central India after the Godavari and the Krishna. It is also known as Rewa. It originates from Amarkantak plateau near Anuppur district.

*Tapti River: It originates from Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. It is a river in central India between the Godavari and Narmada rivers.

*Mahi River: It originates in Madhya Pradesh and flow through the Vagad region of Rajasthan then enters Gujarat and flows into the Arabian Sea. It is a river in western India.

*Sukri River: This is the river which flows into different district such as Pali district in Aravalli range and then after flows through Jalore district and Barmer district of Rajasthan.

Salt Water Lake is a landlocked body of water which contains high concentration of salts and other dissolved minerals.

Different salt water Lake of Rajasthan:

*Sambhar: It is located near Phulera in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. It is the largest salt water lake in India. It is the source of most of Rajasthan’s salt production. There are 38 clusters of villages surrounding the lake.

*Didwana: It is a salt water lake located in Nagaur district of Rajasthan in India. This lake contains sodium sulphate. Sodium and sulphate making plants have been established here.

*Lunkaransar: It is located in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. It is formed due to deflation.

*Pachpadra: It is a salt water lake in Barmer district of Rajasthan. Its sodium chloride level is marked at 98%.

North Indian rivers flow from north to south. Himalayan rivers are the source of these rivers. Rivers of North India are perennial which means that they have water throughout the year. These rivers receive water from rain or melted snow.

Himalayan Rivers are divided into three parts:

*Indus River System

*Ganga River System

*Brahmaputra River System

Indus River System: This river system originates from the western Himalayas. It flow upwards and drain into Arabian Sea. The Sutlej, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Vyas are included in this river system. The upper drainage course of these rivers is in India and the lower drainage course is in Pakistan. Indus is one of the longest rivers of the world. The Indus plain has a very gentle slope with a total length of 2900 km. The river Sutlej originates from the Rakshastal near Mansarovar Lake in the southern slope of the Kailash Mountain.

Ganga River System: This river system originates from the north that is Ganga and its tributaries namely Yamuna, Ghagra, and Gandak. The most significant river of India is Ganga which originates from Gangotri glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devprayag in Uttarakhand. The river Ganga enters Bangladesh near Farakka and called Padma. It forms a delta with the river Brahmaputra before falling into the Bay of Bengal.

Brahmaputra River System: Brahmaputra River originates in a place near Mansarovar Lake of the Kailash Mountain in Tibet. It is the longest river of India. It flows towards eastern edge of Himalaya and called Tsang-po. It takes turn to the south and then toward west and flow through Assam. It joins Ganga after reaching Bangladesh.

South Indian Rivers (Peninsular Rivers) are divided into two parts:

*Rivers falling into the Bay of Bengal

*Rivers falling into the Arabian Sea

Rivers falling into the Bay of Bengal: Most of the peninsular river originate from west and fall into the Bay of Bengal. Some of the peninsular rivers are:

1. The Kaveri River: It originates from Durg district, Karnataka. It is called Ganga of South India. Thanjavur is a fertile district known as garden of south which is made up of delta of the Kaveri River.

2. The Mahanadi River: It originates from Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. On this river Hirakund dam has been created. Its delta is very fertile.

3. The Krishna River: It originates from the Western Ghat near Mahabaleshwar. Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

4. The Godavari River: It is the longest peninsular river. It originates from Trayanbak in Western Ghats near Nasik in Maharashtra.

Rivers falling into the Arabian Sea: Narmada is the longest river which originates from Amarkantak. It flows in rift valley. The Tapti River originates from Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Narmada and Tapti are main peninsular rivers which drain into the Arabian Sea. The other rivers which drain into the Arabian Sea are Mahi, Sukari, Badi, Sharvati etc.

Saraswati River was one of the Rigvedic Rivers mentioned in Rig Veda. It is called Naditame, Ambitame and Devitame in Rig Veda. The goddess Saraswati was originally a personification of this river. Saraswati, the consort of Brahma, is the goddess of purity, knowledge, fine arts, music and is temperamentally calm, reliable and soft. It raises from Shivalik glacier of Himalaya according to archaeological council which changes into water after reaching ‘Adibadri’. Saraswati River flows between Sutlej and Yamuna.

This river is a transboundary to India as well as to Pakistan. This river flows through both the nations together only in the monsoon. In the area prior to the Ottu barrage, the Saraswati River is anciently known as the Ghaggar and where it crosses this barrage it becomes Hakra. The Ghaggar river acts as a trans-boundary river to India in the monsoon weather whereas the Hakra, which is an extension of Ghaggar in India becomes the dehydrated canal in Pakistan.

According to research of ISRO it is known that the Brahma Sarovar of Kurukshetra, crescent lakes of Peshwa and drainage path of Punjab, Haryana through Pakistan, Ghaggar-Hakra-Nara is the evidence of Saraswati River.

Saraswati River ran parallel to Sindhu River. Saraswati Sindhu civilization was found near the Saraswati River. More than fifteen hundred cities developed on the bank of these rivers.