Glory Of Rajasthan

Bappa Rawal was a student of Harit Rishi, who trained him in warfare and state management. He then attacked Chittor and captured the fort. Thus he became a Mewari ruler. All other options are incorrect.

In 1192, Prithviraj Chauhan and Mohammed Ghori faced each other in the second Battle of Tarain. Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithviraj and captured him as a war prisoner. All other options are incorrect.

Babur was upset by the rise of the Mewari ruler, Rana Sangha. So, to prevent him from establishing his rule in Delhi, Babur fought the Mewari forces at Khanwah. Other options are incorrect. Panipat and Tahrain were the grounds of the battle between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi and Ghori and Prithviraj, respectively.

Samp Sabha was established by Govind Guru to awaken the Bhils and integrate them into the mainstream society. He used the organization for social reform and the spread of education. Other options are incorrect.

Keshar Kalvi was the name of the mare that Pabuji had received in marriage from Devi Deval. It was owned by Dewal, and was used to protect the cows. Other options are not correct.

Vir Durgadas spent his last days at Rampura, and was cremated near the Shipra river.

Maharana Sangha was coronated in 1509, after the death of Raimal of Mewar Empire.

Ramdeoji was a social reformer. He was born to Almalji and Meena Devi.

Amrita Devi Bishnoi belonged to the Rajputana state of Jodhpur.

Ramdeoji, a public God, was born in a village near Pokhran in Rajasthan.

Acharya Bhikshu created the Terapanthi sect within the Jain community.

Mangarh Dham is located in Pratapgarh in Rajastha.

Maharaja Surajmal ruled the Bharatapur area in Rajasthan.

a) Kalibai was a young girl from Dungarpur, who was a student at the tribal school of Nanbhai Khent at Rastapal. The state had ordered the closure of all schools post the Quit India movement, but Nanbhai had refused to follow the orders.

b) So the police came to Nanbhai’s resident and arrested him. They beat him up and he succumbed to injuries.

c) The police thought Nanbhai’s death would be a deterrent. However, his colleague Sanghabhai Bhil, continued to teach at the school.

d) This enraged the police and they arrested Sanghabhai. They tied him to a jeep and dragged him across the streets.

e) The young student, Kalibai, however was not taking this without a fight. She ran behind the bus and captured Sanghabhai from the police. However, as she bent down to pick up her teacher, the police shot her in the back.

f) The Bhils were angered by the merciless killing of a school girl. They gathered outside the police station with weapons, and forced the police to release all prisoners. Today, the idol of Kalibai stands in Rastapal.

a) Pabuji belonged to Kolugarh in Rajasthan. His greatest supporters were Chanda and Dama.

b) Pabuji received a proposal for marriage from Dewal. Dewal owned a beautiful mare, which was used in taking care of the cows.

c) A man named Jindrao Klinchi had an eye on the mare. So to protect the mare, she was sent away to Pabuji for the day of the marriage.

d) However, when marriage preparations were going on, Jindrao seized his opportunity and took away Dewal’s cows.

e) When this news reached Pabuji, he left all ceremonies and rode the amre to get the cows back from Dewal.

f) Pabuji was able to get the cows back, but he died in the process. Hence, he is immortalised as a cow protector.

a) The Phad of Devnarayan is the story of Devnarayan’s life. According to the story, he was one of the 24 sons of Hiraram of Mandalji.

b) Devnarayan fought against many atrocious rulers, and his successes made him so popular that he was worshipped as a god. He was known as the incarnation of Vishnu in the Gurjar society in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, and eradicator of sufferings and hardships.

c) He was a protector of cows, and founded 5 cows of Bagadawt. These cows had special qualities, and were bestowed with an eternal blessing. He also maintained an army of shepherds, who take care of his livestock that consisted of 98000 cows.

d) His followers built temples called Devras, and can be found in Ajmer, Chittorgarh and Tonk.

Meerabai is celebrated as a devotee of Lord Krishna. She was born in 1498 in the Rathore dynasty of Merta to Rao Dua. From her early days, she was a worshipper of Lord Krishna. In her childhood, she would often say, “Mere To Girdhar Gopal Dusra Koi Nahi”.

When she turned 19 in 1517, she was married off to the Mewar ruler, Bhojraj. However, this did not change the devotion she had for Krishna. Bhojraj died after 7 years, and Meera decided to dedicate her life to the service and gesture of Krishna. Since her father Ratan Singh and Maharana Sangha had also died, there was no initial opposition to her worshipping spirit.

a) Gogaji was born by the blessings bestowed by Gorakhnath upon his mother, Bacl. He married Kemalde, the daughter of Pabuji’s elder brother.

b) He fought against Ferozshah of Delhi. but, his own brothers fought against him, in Sultan’s army. When he told this to his mother, she dismissed Gogaji from the family.

c) This saddened Gogaji, and he buried himself alive. The navmi of Bhadrapad is celebrated as Goga Navmi.

a) Jasnathji was born in Bikaner, and became a saint at the age of 12. He underwent elf purification at Gorkha Malia.

b) He protested against idol worship, conservatism and casteism.

c) He stressed on the need for self- control, the endurance of spirit and the adoption of a Guru. He wanted men to coordinate and worship together to help in the progress of society.

d) He founded the Jaisnath sect, and a major ritual of the sect was fire dance.

a) Jasnathji was born in Bikaner, and became a saint at the age of 12. He underwent elf purification at Gorkha Malia.

b) He protested against idol worship, conservatism and casteism.

c) He stressed on the need for self- control, the endurance of spirit and the adoption of a Guru. He wanted men to coordinate and worship together to help in the progress of society.

d) He founded the Jaisnath sect, and a major ritual of the sect was fire dance.

The literal meaning of Bishnoi is 29, as Bish means 20 and Noi means 9. Hence, Bishnoi refers to a group of people with 29 rules. The community is a tribal group of Thar desert, which is known for its sacred groves, and is deeply devoted to the preservation of trees.

Dadu Dyal was a medieval saint, who spread the message of worship and prayer. His teachings are combined in a book called ‘Dadu Vani’.

a) Dadau Dyal used simple language to express his thoughts.

b) He said that Omkar originated from Brahma, was the source of the five elements.

c) Delusion and lack of knowledge lead to a distancing between God and the soul, and it is the duty of the guru to help an individual in bringing the two together.

d) He preached the importance of keeping good company, meditation, being selfless etc. and opposed social frippery and egoistic attitudes.

e) He preferred a simple lifestyle and big heart, over a hypocrite who indulged in social discrimination.

He left the world in 1660, at Naraina, Rajasthan.

Introduction: The Chauhan Empire was the most powerful empire in Rajasthan at the end of the 12th century. Prithviraj Chauhan ascended to the throne at the age of 11 years, and ruled the empire with the help of a minister and a commander. He introduced several policies and reforms to raise the stature of Chauhan Empire.

Territorial expansion: Despite being a bad diplomat and engaging in conflicts with his neighbours, Prithviraj managed to expand the boundaries of his empire, and drove away invaders.

a) He defeated Chandel ruler of Mahoba in 1182.

b) He fought against Chalukyas and Guhadwats of Kannauj.

c) He fought many battles with Mohammed Ghori.

Literature and Philosophy: Prithviraj loved to talk about literature and philosophy. His court nurtured several scholars like Vidhyapati, Bagishwar, Janardhan and Chand Bhardai.

Foreign invaders: Prithviraj demonstrated the might of his military against the foreign invaders. Mohammed Ghori, who had occupied Lahore and Sealkot, was defeated by Chauhan forces between 1186 and 1191, ending in the First Battle of Tarain.

Introduction: Maharana Sangha was the ruler of Mewar, and is considered as the strongest Rajput ruler of his times. He fought against Babur in several battles, and ultimately died while trying to save Chanderi territories.

The Honour code: During the Kumbha period, the only way to attain glory was to fight against Muslim forces. Thus, Rana Sangha chose to fight against the Gujarati rulers in 1520 and the Khilji rulers of Malwa later. In 1517, he fought a battle at Khatauli against Ibrahim Lodi and defeated the Sultan of Delhi. Hence, Mewar annexed Dholpur from the Sultan.

Babur captures Delhi: In 1526, Babur captured Delhi from Ibrahim Lodhi. He saw the rising power of Rana Sangha as a threat to his throne. So, Babur attacked and captured Dholpur and Kalpi.

Mughal defeat at Banya: Rana Sangha had full control over Banya. Enraged by Babur’s captures, he defeated the Mughal forces at Banya. This led to discouragement in the Babur army.

Battle of Khanwa: Babur and Rana Sangha faced each other in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. Since Babur’s army was losing, they decided to attack the Mewar army from the back. In this process, an arrow struck Rana Sangha, who was badly wounded. By the time he recovered, massive destruction had taken place and Mewar forces were losing. So he decided to go to Medani Rai of Chanderi for help. However, before he could reach, his health worsened and he died near Kalpi, unable to protect Mewar from Babur.

Any person who works for the religion, public and protection of the cow, and sacrifices his life for such cause, is called a Public God. There are two distinct types of Public Gods:

a) Those who worked to protect cows, uplift untouchables and worked for religions: Pabuji, Gogaji and Tejaji

b) Those who influenced masses with bravery and miracles: Devnarayan and Harbhuji.

TEJAJI: Tejaji was born in Nagaur district of Rajasthan, and is celebrated as a cow protector. One day, as he had gone to visit his in-laws, he was asked to stay at the house of a neighbour. At night, thieves took away the neighbour’s cows, and Tejaji followed the thieves on his horse, to get the cows back. However, on his way, he was met by a snake, who told him that he would bite Tejaji. Tejaji promised him that he would allow the snake to nite, once he has freed the cows from the thieves. When Tejaji returned with the cows, he was covered in blood. The snake was confused and asked where he should bite. Tejaji took out his tongue, the snake bit him and he died in trying to save the cows.

GOGAJI: Gogaji was born by the blessings bestowed by Gorakhnath upon his mother, Bacl. He married Kemalde, the daughter of Pabuji’s elder brother. He fought against Ferozshah of Delhi. but, his own brothers fought against him, in Sultan’s army. When he told this to his mother, she dismissed Gogaji from the family. This saddened Gogaji, and he buried himself alive. The navmi of Bhadrapad is celebrated as Goga Navmi.

PABUJI: Pabuji belonged to Kolugarh in Rajasthan. His greatest supporters were Chanda and Dama. Pabuji received a proposal for marriage from Dewal. Dewal owned a beautiful mare, which was used in taking care of the cows. A man named Jindrao Klinchi had an eye on the mare. So to protect the mare, she was sent away to Pabuji for the day of the marriage. However, when marriage preparations were going on, Jindrao seized his opportunity and took away Dewal’s cows. When this news reached Pabuji, he left all ceremonies and rode the amre to get the cows back from Dewal. Pabuji was able to get the cows back, but he died in the process. Hence, he is immortalised as a cow protector.

DEVNARAYAN: The Phad of Devnarayan is the story of Devnarayan’s life. According to the story, he was one of the 24 sons of Hiraram of Mandalji. Devnarayan fought against many atrocious rulers, and his successes made him so popular that he was worshipped as a god. He was known as the incarnation of Vishnu in the Gurjar society in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, and eradicator of sufferings and hardships. He was a protector of cows, and founded 5 cows of Bagadawt. These cows had special qualities, and were bestowed with eternal blessing. He also maintained an army of shepherds, who take care of his livestock that consisted of 98000 cows. His followers built temples called Devras, and can be found in Ajmer, Chittorgarh and Tonk.