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Quadratic Equations

Class 11th Mathematics RD Sharma Solution
Exercise 14.1
  1. x^2 + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method…
  2. 9x^2 + 4 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method…
  3. x^2 + 2x + 5 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization…
  4. 4x^2 - 12x + 25 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization…
  5. x^2 + x + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method…
  6. 4x^2 + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  7. x^2 - 4x + 7 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  8. x^2 + 2x + 2 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  9. 5x^2 - 6x + 2 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  10. 21x^2 + 9x + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  11. x^2 - x + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  12. x^2 + x + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  13. 17x^2 - 8x + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  14. 27x^2 - 10x + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  15. 17x^2 + 28x + 12 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  16. 21x^2 - 28x + 10 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  17. 8x^2 - 9x + 3 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  18. 13x^2 + 7x + 1 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  19. 2x^2 + x + 1 = 0
  20. Prove: root 3x^2 - root 2x+3 root 3 = 0
  21. Solve the following quadratics root 2x^2 + x + root 2 = 0
  22. x^2 + x + 1/root 2 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  23. x^2 + x/root 2 + 1 = 0 Solve:
  24. root 5x^2 + x + root 5 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
  25. -x^2 + x - 2 = 0
  26. x^2 - 2x + 3/2 = 0 Solve:
  27. 3x^2 - 4x + 20/3 = 0 Solve the following quadratics
Exercise 14.2
  1. x^2 + 10ix - 21 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization…
  2. x^2 + (1 - 2i)x - 2i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by…
  3. x^2 - (2 root 3+31) x+6 root 3i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by…
  4. 6x^2 - 17ix - 12 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization…
  5. x^2 - (3 root 2+2i) x+6 root 2i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:…
  6. x^2 - (5 - i)x + (18 + i) = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:…
  7. (2 + i)x^2 - (5 - i)x + 2(1 - i) = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:…
  8. x^2 - (2 + i)x - (1 - 7i) = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:…
  9. ix^2 - 4x - 4i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:
  10. x^2 + 4ix - 4 = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:
  11. 2x^2 + root 15ix-i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:
  12. x^2 - x + (1 + i) = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:
  13. ix^2 - x + 12i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:
  14. x^2 - (3 root 2-2i) x - root 2i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:…
  15. x^2 - (root 2+i) x + root 2i = 0 Solve the following quadratic equations:…
  16. Solve 2x^2-(3+7i)x-(3-9i)=0
Very Short Answer
  1. Write the number of real roots of the equation (x-1)^{2} + (x-2)^{2} + (x-3)^{2} = 0 .…
  2. If a and b are roots of the equation x^{2} - px+q = 0 , then write the value of…
  3. If roots α, β of equation x^{2} - px+16 = 0 satisfy the relation alpha ^{2} + beta…
  4. If 2 + root {3} is a root of the equation x^{2} + px+q = 0 , then write the values of…
  5. If the difference between the roots of the equation x^{2} + ax+8 = 0 is 2 write the…
  6. Write the roots of the equation (a-b) x^{2} + (b-c) x + (c-a) = 0…
  7. If a and b are roots of the equation x^{2} - x+1 = 0 , then write the value of a^{2}…
  8. Write the number of quadratic equations, with real roots, which do not change by…
  9. If α, β are roots of the equation x^{2} + lx+m = 0 , write an equation whose roots are…
  10. If α, β are roots of the equation x^{2} - a (x+1) - c = 0 , then write the value of…
Mcq
  1. The complete set of values of k, for which the quadratic equation x^{2} - kx + k+2 =…
  2. For the equation |x|^{2} + |x|-6 = 0 , the sum of the real roots is Mark the Correct…
  3. If a, b are the roots of the equation x^{2} + x+1 = 0 , then a^{2} + b^{2} = Mark the…
  4. If α, β are roots of the equation 4x^{2} + 3x+7 = 0 , then 1/α + 1/β is equal to Mark…
  5. The values of x satisfying log_{3} ( x^{2} + 4x+12 ) = 2 are Mark the Correct…
  6. The number of real roots of the equation ( x^{2} + 2x ) ^{2} - (x+1)^{2} - 55 = 0 is…
  7. If α, β are the roots of the equation ax^{2} + bx+c = 0 , then {1}/{ a alpha +b }…
  8. If α, β are the roots of the equation x^{2} + px+1 = 0 gamma , delta the roots of…
  9. The number of real solutions of |2x-x^{2} - 3| = 1 is Mark the Correct alternative in…
  10. The number of solutions of x^{2} + |x-1| = 1 is Mark the Correct alternative in the…
  11. If x is real and k = { x^{2} - x+1 }/{ x^{2} + x+1 } , then Mark the Correct…
  12. If the roots of x^{2} - bx+c = 0 are two consecutive integers, then b^{2} - 4c is…
  13. The value of a such that x^{2} - 11x+a = 0 and x^{2} - 14x+2a = 0 may have a…
  14. The values of k for which is quadratic equation kx^{2} + 1 = kx+3x-11x^{2} has real…
  15. If one root of the equation x^{2} + px+12 = 0 is 4, while the equation x^{2} + px…
  16. If one root of the equation x^{2} + px+12 = 0 is 4, while the equation x^{2} + px…
  17. The value of p and q ( p not equal 0 , q neq0 ) for which p, q are the roots of the…
  18. The set of all vales of m for which both the roots of the equation x^{2} - (m+1)…
  19. The number of roots of the equation { (x+2) (x-5) }/{ (x-3) (x+6) } = frac…
  20. If α and β are the roots of 4x^{2} + 3x+7 = 0 , then the value of {1}/{ alpha…
  21. If α, β are the roots of the equation x^{2} + px+q = 0 , then - {1}/{ alpha } , -…
  22. If the difference of the roots of x^{2} - px+q = 0 is unity, then Mark the Correct…
  23. If α, β are the roots of the equation x^{2} -p (x+1) - c = 0 , then ( alpha +1 )…
  24. The least value of k which makes the roots of the equation x^{2} + 5x+k = 0…
  25. The equation of the smallest degree with real coefficients having 1 + i as one of the…

Exercise 14.1
Question 1.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method

x2 + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given x2 + 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


x2 – i2 = 0


⇒ (x + i)(x – i) = 0 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]


⇒ x + i = 0 or x – i = 0


⇒ x = –i or x = i


∴ x = ±i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are ±i.



Question 2.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method

9x2 + 4 = 0


Answer:

Given 9x2 + 4 = 0


⇒ 9x2 + 4 × 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


9x2 + 4(–i2) = 0


⇒ 9x2 – 4i2 = 0


⇒ (3x)2 – (2i)2 = 0


⇒ (3x + 2i)(3x – 2i) = 0 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]


⇒ 3x + 2i = 0 or 3x – 2i = 0


⇒ 3x = –2i or 3x = 2i




Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 3.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method

x2 + 2x + 5 = 0


Answer:

Given x2 + 2x + 5 = 0


⇒ x2 + 2x + 1 + 4 = 0


⇒ x2 + 2(x)(1) + 12 + 4 = 0


⇒ (x + 1)2 + 4 = 0 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]


⇒ (x + 1)2 + 4 × 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


(x + 1)2 + 4(–i2) = 0


⇒ (x + 1)2 – 4i2 = 0


⇒ (x + 1)2 – (2i)2 = 0


⇒ (x + 1 + 2i)(x + 1 – 2i) = 0 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]


⇒ x + 1 + 2i = 0 or x + 1 – 2i = 0


⇒ x = –1 – 2i or x = –1 + 2i


∴ x = –1 ± 2i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are –1 ± 2i.



Question 4.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method

4x2 – 12x + 25 = 0


Answer:

Given 4x2 – 12x + 25 = 0


⇒ 4x2 – 12x + 9 + 16 = 0


⇒ (2x)2 – 2(2x)(3) + 32 + 16 = 0


⇒ (2x – 3)2 + 16 = 0 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]


⇒ (2x – 3)2 + 16 × 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


(2x – 3)2 + 16(–i2) = 0


⇒ (2x – 3)2 – 16i2 = 0


⇒ (2x – 3)2 – (4i)2 = 0


Since a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b), we get


(2x – 3 + 4i)(2x – 3 – 4i) = 0


⇒ 2x – 3 + 4i = 0 or 2x – 3 – 4i = 0


⇒ 2x = 3 – 4i or 2x = 3 + 4i





Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 5.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method

x2 + x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given x2 + x + 1 = 0




[∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]



We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get





[∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]





Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 6.

Solve the following quadratics

4x2 + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given 4x2 + 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


4x2 – i2 = 0


⇒ (2x)2 – i2 = 0


⇒ (2x + i)(2x – i) = 0 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]


⇒ 2x + i = 0 or 2x – i = 0


⇒ 2x = –i or 2x = i




Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 7.

Solve the following quadratics

x2 – 4x + 7 = 0


Answer:

Given x2 – 4x + 7 = 0


⇒ x2 – 4x + 4 + 3 = 0


⇒ x2 – 2(x)(2) + 22 + 3 = 0


⇒ (x – 2)2 + 3 = 0 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]


⇒ (x – 2)2 + 3 × 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


(x – 2)2 + 3(–i2) = 0


⇒ (x – 2)2 – 3i2 = 0



Since a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b), we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 8.

Solve the following quadratics

x2 + 2x + 2 = 0


Answer:

Given x2 + 2x + 2 = 0


⇒ x2 + 2x + 1 + 1 = 0


⇒ x2 + 2(x)(1) + 12 + 1 = 0


⇒ (x + 1)2 + 1 = 0 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


(x + 1)2 + (–i2) = 0


⇒ (x + 1)2 – i2 = 0


⇒ (x + 1)2 – (i)2 = 0


⇒ (x + 1 + i)(x + 1 – i) = 0 [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]


⇒ x + 1 + i = 0 or x + 1 – i = 0


⇒ x = –1 – i or x = –1 + i


∴ x = –1 ± i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are –1 ± i.



Question 9.

Solve the following quadratics

5x2 – 6x + 2 = 0


Answer:

Given 5x2 – 6x + 2 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 5, b = –6 and c = 2






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get








Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 10.

Solve the following quadratics

21x2 + 9x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given 21x2 + 9x + 1 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 21, b = 9 and c = 1






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get







Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 11.

Solve the following quadratics

x2 – x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given x2 – x + 1 = 0




[∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]



We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get





[∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]





Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 12.

Solve the following quadratics

x2 + x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given x2 + x + 1 = 0




[∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]



We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get





[∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]





Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 13.

Solve the following quadratics

17x2 – 8x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given 17x2 – 8x + 1 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 17, b = –8 and c = 1






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get








Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 14.

Solve the following quadratics

27x2 – 10x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given 27x2 – 10x + 1 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 27, b = –10 and c = 1






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get








Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 15.

Solve the following quadratics

17x2 + 28x + 12 = 0


Answer:

Given 17x2 + 28x + 12 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 17, b = 28 and c = 12






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get








Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 16.

Solve the following quadratics

21x2 – 28x + 10 = 0


Answer:

Given 21x2 – 28x + 10 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 21, b = –28 and c = 10






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get









Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 17.

Solve the following quadratics

8x2 – 9x + 3 = 0


Answer:

Given 8x2 – 9x + 3 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 8, b = –9 and c = 1






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 18.

Solve the following quadratics

13x2 + 7x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given 13x2 + 7x + 1 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 13, b = 7 and c = 1






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 19.

2x2 + x + 1 = 0


Answer:

Given 2x2 + x + 1 = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 2, b = 1 and c = 1






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 20.

Prove:



Answer:

Given


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here,, and






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 21.

Solve the following quadratics



Answer:

Given


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here,, and






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 22.

Solve the following quadratics



Answer:

Given




Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here,, and









We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 23.

Solve:



Answer:

Given




Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here,, and






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 24.

Solve the following quadratics



Answer:

Given


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here,, and






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get






Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 25.

–x2 + x – 2 = 0


Answer:

Given –x2 + x – 2 = 0


⇒ x2 – x + 2 = 0




[∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]



We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get





[∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]





Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 26.

Solve:



Answer:

Given




[∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]



We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get





[∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]





Thus, the roots of the given equation are.



Question 27.

Solve the following quadratics



Answer:

Given


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 3, b = –4 and






We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get








Thus, the roots of the given equation are.




Exercise 14.2
Question 1.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method:

x2 + 10ix – 21 = 0


Answer:

x2 + 10ix – 21 = 0


Given x2 + 10ix – 21 = 0


⇒ x2 + 10ix – 21 × 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


x2 + 10ix – 21(–i2) = 0


⇒ x2 + 10ix + 21i2 = 0


⇒ x2 + 3ix + 7ix + 21i2 = 0


⇒ x(x + 3i) + 7i(x + 3i) = 0


⇒ (x + 3i)(x + 7i) = 0


⇒ x + 3i = 0 or x + 7i = 0


∴ x = –3i or –7i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are –3i and –7i.



Question 2.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method:

x2 + (1 – 2i)x – 2i = 0


Answer:

x2 + (1 – 2i)x – 2i = 0


Given x2 + (1 – 2i)x – 2i = 0


⇒ x2 + x – 2ix – 2i = 0


⇒ x(x + 1) – 2i(x + 1) = 0


⇒ (x + 1)(x – 2i) = 0


⇒ x + 1 = 0 or x – 2i = 0


∴ x = –1 or 2i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are –1 and 2i.



Question 3.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method:



Answer:


Given








Thus, the roots of the given equation are and 3i.



Question 4.

Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method:

6x2 – 17ix – 12 = 0


Answer:

6x2 – 17ix – 12 = 0


Given 6x2 – 17ix – 12 = 0


⇒ 6x2 – 17ix – 12 × 1 = 0


We have i2 = –1 ⇒ 1 = –i2


By substituting 1 = –i2 in the above equation, we get


6x2 – 17ix – 12(–i2) = 0


⇒ 6x2 – 17ix + 12i2 = 0


⇒ 6x2 – 9ix – 8ix + 12i2 = 0


⇒ 3x(2x – 3i) – 4i(2x – 3i) = 0


⇒ (2x – 3i)(3x – 4i) = 0


⇒ 2x – 3i = 0 or 3x – 4i = 0


⇒ 2x = 3i or 3x = 4i



Thus, the roots of the given equation are and.



Question 5.

Solve the following quadratic equations:



Answer:


Given








Thus, the roots of the given equation are and 2i.



Question 6.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

x2 – (5 – i)x + (18 + i) = 0


Answer:

x2 – (5 – i)x + (18 + i) = 0


Given x2 – (5 – i)x + (18 + i) = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 1, b = –(5 – i) and c = (18 + i)






By substituting i2 = –1 in the above equation, we get





By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get




We can write 48 + 14i = 49 – 1 + 14i


⇒ 48 + 14i = 49 + i2 + 14i [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ 48 + 14i = 72 + i2 + 2(7)(i)


⇒ 48 + 14i = (7 + i)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]


By using the result 48 + 14i = (7 + i)2, we get






[∵ i2 = –1]





∴ x = 2 + 3i or 3 – 4i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are 2 + 3i and 3 – 4i.



Question 7.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

(2 + i)x2 – (5 – i)x + 2(1 – i) = 0


Answer:

(2 + i)x2 – (5 – i)x + 2(1 – i) = 0


Given (2 + i)x2 – (5 – i)x + 2(1 – i) = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = (2 + i), b = –(5 – i) and c = 2(1 – i)





By substituting i2 = –1 in the above equation, we get






We can write –2i = –2i + 1 – 1


⇒ –2i = –2i + 1 + i2 [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ –2i = 1 – 2i + i2


⇒ –2i = 12 – 2(1)(i) + i2


⇒ –2i = (1 – i)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]


By using the result –2i = (1 – i)2, we get











[∵ i2 = –1]





Thus, the roots of the given equation are 1 – i and.



Question 8.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

x2 – (2 + i)x – (1 – 7i) = 0


Answer:

x2 – (2 + i)x – (1 – 7i) = 0


Given x2 – (2 + i)x – (1 – 7i) = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 1, b = –(2 + i) and c = –(1 – 7i)






By substituting i2 = –1 in the above equation, we get




We can write 7 – 24i = 16 – 9 – 24i


⇒ 7 – 24i = 16 + 9(–1) – 24i


⇒ 7 – 24i = 16 + 9i2 – 24i [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ 7 – 24i = 42 + (3i)2 – 2(4)(3i)


⇒ 7 – 24i = (4 – 3i)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – b2 + 2ab]


By using the result 7 – 24i = (4 – 3i)2, we get








∴ x = 3 – i or –1 + 2i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are 3 – i and –1 + 2i.



Question 9.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

ix2 – 4x – 4i = 0


Answer:

ix2 – 4x – 4i = 0


Given ix2 – 4x – 4i = 0


⇒ ix2 + 4x(–1) – 4i = 0


We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get


ix2 + 4xi2 – 4i = 0


⇒ i(x2 + 4ix – 4) = 0


⇒ x2 + 4ix – 4 = 0


⇒ x2 + 4ix + 4(–1) = 0


⇒ x2 + 4ix + 4i2 = 0 [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ x2 + 2ix + 2ix + 4i2 = 0


⇒ x(x + 2i) + 2i(x + 2i) = 0


⇒ (x + 2i)(x + 2i) = 0


⇒ (x + 2i)2 = 0


⇒ x + 2i = 0


∴ x = –2i (double root)


Thus, the roots of the given equation are –2i and –2i.



Question 10.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

x2 + 4ix – 4 = 0


Answer:

x2 + 4ix – 4 = 0


Given x2 + 4ix – 4 = 0


⇒ x2 + 4ix + 4(–1) = 0


We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get


⇒ x2 + 4ix + 4i2 = 0


⇒ x2 + 2ix + 2ix + 4i2 = 0


⇒ x(x + 2i) + 2i(x + 2i) = 0


⇒ (x + 2i)(x + 2i) = 0


⇒ (x + 2i)2 = 0


⇒ x + 2i = 0


∴ x = –2i (double root)


Thus, the roots of the given equation are –2i and –2i.



Question 11.

Solve the following quadratic equations:



Answer:


Given


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 2, and c = –i




By substituting i2 = –1 in the above equation, we get





By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get




We can write 15 – 8i = 16 – 1 – 8i


⇒ 15 – 8i = 16 + (–1) – 8i


⇒ 15 – 8i = 16 + i2 – 8i [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ 15 – 8i = 42 + (i)2 – 2(4)(i)


⇒ 15 – 8i = (4 – i)2 [∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – b2 + 2ab]


By using the result 15 – 8i = (4 – i)2, we get






[∵ i2 = –1]





Thus, the roots of the given equation are and.



Question 12.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

x2 – x + (1 + i) = 0


Answer:

x2 – x + (1 + i) = 0


Given x2 – x + (1 + i) = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 1, b = –1 and c = (1 + i)







By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get




We can write 3 + 4i = 4 – 1 + 4i


⇒ 3 + 4i = 4 + i2 + 4i [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ 3 + 4i = 22 + i2 + 2(2)(i)


⇒ 3 + 4i = (2 + i)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]


By using the result 3 + 4i = (2 + i)2, we get






[∵ i2 = –1]





∴ x = i or 1 – i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are i and 1 – i.



Question 13.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

ix2 – x + 12i = 0


Answer:

ix2 – x + 12i = 0


Given ix2 – x + 12i = 0


⇒ ix2 + x(–1) + 12i = 0


We have i2 = –1


By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get


ix2 + xi2 + 12i = 0


⇒ i(x2 + ix + 12) = 0


⇒ x2 + ix + 12 = 0


⇒ x2 + ix – 12(–1) = 0


⇒ x2 + ix – 12i2 = 0 [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ x2 – 3ix + 4ix – 12i2 = 0


⇒ x(x – 3i) + 4i(x – 3i) = 0


⇒ (x – 3i)(x + 4i) = 0


⇒ x – 3i = 0 or x + 4i = 0


∴ x = 3i or –4i


Thus, the roots of the given equation are 3i and –4i.



Question 14.

Solve the following quadratic equations:



Answer:


Given = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 1, and






By substituting i2 = –1 in the above equation, we get





We can write



[∵ i2 = –1]



[∵ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]


By using the result, we get






[∵ i2 = –1]



Thus, the roots of the given equation are and.



Question 15.

Solve the following quadratic equations:



Answer:

xi.


Given








Thus, the roots of the given equation are and i.



Question 16.

Solve the following quadratic equations:

2x2 – (3 + 7i)x + (9i – 3) = 0


Answer:

2x2 – (3 + 7i)x + (9i – 3) = 0


Given 2x2 – (3 + 7i)x + (9i – 3) = 0


Recall that the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, are given by



Here, a = 2, b = –(3 + 7i) and c = (9i – 3)






By substituting i2 = –1 in the above equation, we get






By substituting –1 = i2 in the above equation, we get




We can write 16 + 30i = 25 – 9 + 30i


⇒ 16 + 30i = 25 + 9(–1) + 30i


⇒ 16 + 30i = 25 + 9i2 + 30i [∵ i2 = –1]


⇒ 16 + 30i = 52 + (3i)2 + 2(5)(3i)


⇒ 16 + 30i = (5 + 3i)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]


By using the result 16 + 30i = (5 + 3i)2, we get







[∵ i2 = –1]






Thus, the roots of the given equation are 3i and.




Very Short Answer
Question 1.

Write the number of real roots of the equation.


Answer:

given (x-1)2+(x-2)2+(x-3)2=0

x2 + 1 - 2x + X2 + 4 - 4x + X2 + 9 - 6x = 0


3X2 - 12x+ 14 = 0


Comparing it with aX2 + bx+ c = 0 and substituting them in b2 – 4ac, we get


= (-12)2-4(3)(14)


= 144 – 168


= - 24 < 0 .


Hence the given equation do not have real roots. It has imaginary roots.



Question 2.

If a and b are roots of the equation , then write the value of .


Answer:

given x2- px + q = 0

We know sum of the roots = p


Product of the roots = q


As given that a and b are roots then,


a + b = p


a b = q


given





Question 3.

If roots α, β of equation satisfy the relation , then write the value of p.


Answer:

given α2 + β2 = 9


Given x2- px + 16 = 0 and α, β are roots of the equation then


Sum of roots α + β = p


Product of roots α β = 16


Substituting these in (α + β)2-2 α β=9 we get,


p2 – 2(16) = 9


p2 = 41


P = ±√41



Question 4.

If is a root of the equation, then write the values of p and q.


Answer:

we know irrational roots always exists in pair hence if is one root then is another root.

Given x2 + px + q = 0


Sum of roots = -p


2+√3+ 2-√3 = -p


P = -4


Product of roots = q


(2+√3)(2-√3)=q


4 – 3 = q


q = 1.



Question 5.

If the difference between the roots of the equation is 2 write the values of a.


Answer:

given x2 + ax + 8 = 0 and α – β = 2

Also from given equation α β = 8


As α – β = 2


Then


α2 - 2 α – 8 =0


(α-4) (α + 2)=0


α = 4 and α = -2


if α = 4 then substituting it in α – β = 2 we get ,


β = 2


from the given equation,


sum of roots = -a


α + β = - a


- a = 4+2


a = -6


if α = - 2 then substituting it in α – β = 2 we get ,


β = - 4


then sum of roots α + β = - a


a = 6


therefore a = ± 6.



Question 6.

Write the roots of the equation


Answer:

roots of a quadratic equation is

From the given equation we get,








Therefore



Question 7.

If a and b are roots of the equation , then write the value of .


Answer:

from the given equation sum of roots a + b = 1

Product of roots ab = 1


Now a2 + b2 = (a + b)2-2 a b


= 1 – 2


= - 1.



Question 8.

Write the number of quadratic equations, with real roots, which do not change by squaring their roots.


Answer:

from the given condition roots remain unchanged only when they are equal to 1 and 0.

Hence the roots may be (0,1) or (1,0) and (1,1) and (0,0).


Hence 3 equations can be formed by substituting these points in (x-a) (x-b) = 0


Where a, b are roots or points.



Question 9.

If α, β are roots of the equation , write an equation whose roots are and .


Answer:

from the given equation sum of the roots α + β = - l

Product of roots αβ = m


Formula to form a quadratic equation is x2- (α + β) x+ αβ = 0


Where α, β are roots of equation.


Given are roots, then required quadratic equation is





mx2 – lx + 1 = 0.



Question 10.

If α, β are roots of the equation , then write the value of .


Answer:

given x2-a(x+1)-c=0

x2-ax-a-c=0


x2-ax-(a+c)=0


as α, β are roots of equation, we get


sum of the roots α + β = a


Product of roots αβ = - (a + c)


Given (1+ α) (1+ β)


= 1 + (α + β) + (α β)


= 1 + a – a – c


= 1 – c.




Mcq
Question 1.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The complete set of values of k, for which the quadratic equation has equal rots, consists of

A.

B.

C.

D.


Answer:

Since roots are equal then b2 – 4ac = 0

From the given equation we get,


K2 – 4 (1) (k+2) = 0


K2 – 4 k - 8 = 0







=2±√12


Question 2.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

For the equation , the sum of the real roots is

A. 1

B. 0

C. 2

D. none of these


Answer:

given |x|2+|x|- 6 = 0

When x > 0


It can be written as x2 + x – 6 = 0


(x+3)(x-2) = 0


X = 2


When x < 0


It can be written as x2 - x – 6 = 0


(x-3)(x+2) = 0


X = - 2


Therefore x = ± 2


Hence sum of the roots = 0.


Question 3.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If a, b are the roots of the equation , then

A. 1

B. 2

C. −1

D. 3


Answer:

from the given equation sum of roots a + b = - 1

Product of roots ab = 1


Given a2 + b2



= 1 – 2


= - 1.


Question 4.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If α, β are roots of the equation , then 1/α + 1/β is equal to

A. 7/3

B. −7/3

C. 3/7

D. −3/7


Answer:

given 4x2+ 3x + 7 = 0

We know sum of the roots =


Product of the roots =


As given that α and β are roots then,




given





Question 5.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The values of x satisfying are

A. 2, −4

B. 1, −3

C. −1, 3

D. −1, −3


Answer:

given log3(x2 + 4x + 12) = 2

It can be written as


log3(x2 + 4x + 12) = 2log33


= log332


log3(x2 + 4x + 12) = log39


x2 + 4x + 12 = 9


x2 + 4x + 3 = 0


(x + 1) (x + 3) = 0


X = -1, -3.


Question 6.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The number of real roots of the equation is

A. 2

B. 1

C. 4

D. none of these


Answer:

given (x2+2x)2-(x+1)2-55=0

[(x2 +2x +1) -1] 2 -(x +1)2 -55 =0


(x +1)⁴ -2(x +1)2 +1 -(x +1)2 -55 =0


(x+1)⁴ -3(x +1)2 -54 =0


let (x +1)2= r


r2 -3r -54 =0


r2 -9r +6r -54 =0


r( r -9) +6(r -9) =0


r = -6 , 9


but ( x+1)2 ≥ 0 so, (x+1)2 ≠ -6


so, (x +1)2 = 9


x + 1 = ± 3


x = -1 ±3


x = -4, and 2 .


Question 7.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If α, β are the roots of the equation , then

A. c/ab

B. a/bc

C. b/ac

D. none of these


Answer:

given





.


Question 8.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If α, β are the roots of the equation the roots of the equation , then

A.

B.

C.

D. none of these


Answer:

α2 + pα + 1 = 0, β2 + pβ + 1 = 0

α + β = -p, αβ = 1


γ2 + qγ + 1 = 0, δ2 + qδ + 1 = 0


δ – γ = , γδ = 1


(α – γ)(α + δ)(β – γ)(β + δ)


= (α2 + α(δ – γ) – γδ)(β2 + β(δ – γ) – δγ)











Question 9.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The number of real solutions of is

A. 0

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4


Answer:

given |2x-x2-3| = 1

2x-x2-3 = ±1


When 2x-x2-3 = 1


⇒ 2x-x2-3 -1 = 0


⇒2x-x2-4 = 0


= x2 – 2x +4 = 0


Discriminant, D = 4 - 16


= -12 < 0


Hence the roots are unreal.


When 2x-x2-3 = -1


= x2 – 2x -2 = 0


Discriminant, D = 4 – 8 = - 4 < 0


Hence the roots are unreal.


Hence the given equation has no real roots.


Question 10.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The number of solutions of is

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3


Answer:

when x > 0

x2 + x-1 = 1


x2 + x - 2 = 0


(x-1) (x+2) = 0


x = 1, -2


when x < 0


x2 - x+1 = 1


x2 – x = 0


x(x-1) = 0


x = 0, 1


hence the given equation has 3 solutions and they are x = 0, 1, -1.


Question 11.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If x is real and , then

A. k ∈ [1/3,3]

B. k ≥ 3

C. k ≤ 1/3

D. none of these


Answer:

(x2 + x + 1)k = (x2 – x + 1)

(k – 1)x2 + (k + 1)x + (k – 1) = 0


For roots of quadratic equation real


Case I : a ≠ 0 and D ≥ 0


k – 1 ≠ 0 ⇒ k ≠ 1



-3k2 + 10k – 3 ≥ 0


3k2 – 10k + 3 ≤ 0





or


or


Case II : a = 0


k – 1 = 0 ⇒ k = 1


At k = 1, 2x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 is real


So, k = 1 is also count in answer.


Then, final answer is k ∈ [1/3, 3]


Question 12.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If the roots of are two consecutive integers, then is

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. None of these


Answer:

given that roots are consecutive, let they be a, a+1

From the formula for quadratic equation,


(x - a)(x - a - 1)
= x2 - (a + 1)x - ax + a(a + 1)
= x2 - (2a + 1)x + a(a + 1)
then
b2 - 4c = (2a + 1)2 - 4a(a + 1)
= 4a2 + 1 + 4a - 4a2 - 4a
= 1.


Question 13.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The value of a such that and may have a common root is

A. 0

B. 12

C. 24

D. 32


Answer:

subtracting both the equations we get,

x2 – 11x + a - x2 +14x + 2a = 0


3x – a = 0



Substituting it in first equation we get,




a2 – 24a = 0


a = 24.


Question 14.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The values of k for which is quadratic equation has real and equal roots are

A. -11, -3

B. 5, 7

C. 5, -7

D. None of these


Answer:

given kx2 + 1 = kx + 3x – 11x2

x2(k+11) – x(k + 3) + 1 = 0


as the roots are real and equal then the discriminant is equal to zero.


D = b2 – 4ac = 0


(k+3)2 – 4 (k+11) (1) = 0


K2 + 9 + 6k – 4k – 44 = 0


K2 + 2k – 35 = 0


(k-5) (k+7) = 0


K = 5, -7.


Question 15.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If one root of the equation is 4, while the equation has equal roots, the value of q is

A. 46/4

B. 4/49

C. 4

D. none of these


Answer:

multiplying first equation and subtracting both the equations we get,




Substituting it in first equation we get,





Question 16.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If one root of the equation is 4, while the equation has equal roots, the value of q is

A. 46/4

B. 4/49

C. 4

D. none of these


Answer:

given 4 is the root of x2 + px + 12 = 0

= 16 + 4p + 12 = 0


4p = - 28


P = -7


Given x2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots, then discriminant is 0.


D = b2 – 4ac = 0


p2 – 4q = 0


4q = 49


.


Question 17.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The value of p and q for which p, q are the roots of the equation are

A. p = 1, q = −2

B. p = −1, q = −2

C. p = −1, q = 2

D. p = 1, q = 2


Answer:

Sum of the roots = = -p

⇒ p + q = -p …(1)


Product of the roots = = q


⇒ pq = q


⇒ p = 1


Put value of p in eq.(1)


⇒ 1 + q = -1


⇒ q = -2


Question 18.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The set of all vales of m for which both the roots of the equation are real and negative, is

A. (−,−3] [5, ∞)

B. [−3, 5]

C. (−4, −3]

D. (−3, −1]


Answer:

For roots to be real its D ≥ 0


(m + 1)2 – 4(m + 4) ≥ 0


m2 – 2m – 15 ≥ 0


(m – 1)2 – 16 ≥ 0


(m – 1)2 ≥ 16


m – 1 ≤ -4 or m – 1 ≥ 4


m ≤ -3 or m ≥ 5


For both roots to be negative product of roots should be


positive and sum of roots should be negative.


Product of roots = m + 4 > 0 ⇒ m > -4


Sum of roots = m + 1 < 0 ⇒ m < -1


After taking intersection of D ≥ 0, Product of roots > 0 and


sum of roots < 0. We can say that the final answer is


m ∈ (-4, -3]


Question 19.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The number of roots of the equation is

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3


Answer:

given

(x+2) (x-5) (x+4) = (x-2) (x-3) (x+6)


x3+4x2-5x2-20x+2x2+8x-10x-40 = x3+6x2-3x2-18x-2x2-12x+6x+36


x2-22x-40 = x2-24x+36


4x = 76


x = 19


hence the given equation has only one solution.


Question 20.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If α and β are the roots of , then the value of is

A.

B.

C.

D.


Answer:

given 4x2+ 3x + 7 = 0

We know sum of the roots =


Product of the roots =


As given that α and β are roots then,




given





Question 21.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If α, β are the roots of the equation , then are the roots of the equation

A.

B.

C.

D.


Answer:

from the given equation sum of the roots α + β = - p

Product of roots αβ = q


Formula to form a quadratic equation is x2- (α + β) x+ αβ = 0


Where α, β are roots of equation.


Given are roots, then required quadratic equation is





qx2 – px + 1 = 0.


Question 22.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If the difference of the roots of is unity, then

A.

B.

C.

D.


Answer:

Difference of the roots

1


1


p2 – 4q = 1


p2 – 4q + 4q2 – 4q2 = 1


p2 + 4q2 = 1 + 2(2)(q) + (2q)2


p2 + 4q2 = (1 + 2q)2


Question 23.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

If α, β are the roots of the equation , then

A. c

B. c − 1

C. 1 − c

D. none of these


Answer:

given x2-p(x+1)-c=0

x2-px-p-c=0


x2-px-(p+c)=0


as α, β are roots of equation, we get


sum of the roots α + β = p


Product of roots αβ = - (p + c)


Given (1+ α) (1+ β)


= 1 + (α + β) + (α β)


= 1 + p – p – c


= 1 – c.


Question 24.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The least value of k which makes the roots of the equation imaginary is

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7


Answer:

given that the equation has imaginary roots, hence the discriminant is less than 0.

= 25-4k<0


When we submit 7 in k the condition above will be satisfied and when we replace 6 the condition will be false.


So the least value of k is 7.


Question 25.

Mark the Correct alternative in the following:

The equation of the smallest degree with real coefficients having 1 + i as one of the roots is

A.

B.

C.

D.


Answer:

for the complex roots it will exists in pair.

Hence the roots are 1+i and 1-i


Formula for quadratic equation is (x-a) (x-b) = 0


(x-1-i) (x-1+i) = 0


x2-x+ix-x+1-i-ix+i-i2=0


x2-2x+2 = 0.