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Conservation Of Plants And Animals

Class 8th Science Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Solution
Very Short Answer Type Questions
  1. Which gas in the atmosphere is used by the trees and plants in photosynthesis?…
  2. Which gas in the atmosphere traps the heat rays reflected by the earth?…
  3. Write one word for : Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.…
  4. What name is given to that part of the earth in which living organism exist (or which…
  5. What the three types of protected area which have been earmarked for the conservation of…
  6. Name one Wildlife Sanctuary and one National park which are contained in Pachmarhi…
  7. Name any five threatened wild animals which are protected and preserved in our wildlife…
  8. For what purpose are National Parks in our country established?
  9. Name the first Reserve Forest of India.
  10. Name the objects of historical significance found in Satpura National Park.…
  11. Name two animals which have vanished from? Satpura National Park and two animals which are…
  12. What name is given to those species: (a) that are on the verge of vanishing from earth?…
  13. Name the publication which contains record if all the endangered species (plants and…
  14. Name any five endangered specie of animals listed in the Red Data Book of India.…
  15. What is the answer to deforestation?
  16. Name the various old paper products which can be recycled.
  17. How many full grown trees are needed to make 1 tonne of paper?
  18. State one way in which we can reuse paper.
  19. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: (a) Deforestation increases the level…
Short Answer Type Questions
  1. What is meant by deforestation? what are the causes of deforestation?…
  2. What are the consequences of deforestation?
  3. What is desertification? Name one human activity which may lead to desertification.…
  4. Explain how, deforestation makes the soil infertile leading to desertification.…
  5. What is global warming? Name the gas responsible for causing global warming.…
  6. How does deforestation reduce rainfall on the one hand and lead to floods on the other?…
  7. Define the term biosphere.
  8. Define it: (i) biodiversity (ii) ecosystem
  9. What will happen if the natural habitat of a wild animal is destroyed?…
  10. What is the purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and…
  11. State the role of Biosphere Reserve.
  12. What is meant by the flora and fauna of an area? Give two examples of flora and two…
  13. What is meant by the flora and fauna and which belong to flora of the Pachmarhi Biosphere…
  14. What is the difference between flora and fauna?
  15. What is meant by Species ? Give any five examples of species.
  16. Whats do you understand by endemic species ? Name two plant species and two animal species…
  17. Name two man-made causes of deforestation and two natural causes of deforestation.…
  18. What is a Wildlife Sanctuary? Name any two Wildlife sanctuaries in India. Where are these…
  19. Name any two Bird Sanctuaries in India. Where are these located?
  20. What are the difference between a Biosphere Reserve a Wildlife Sanctuary?…
  21. State the difference between Wildlife Sanctuary and Zoo.
  22. What is a National Park? Name any two National Parks of India. Where are these National…
  23. What are the differences between a Wildlife Sanctuary and a National Park?…
  24. What do the rock painting found in rock shelters of Satpura National Park depict?…
  25. What is Project Tiger? What was the aim of these projects?
  26. Why even protected forests are not safe for wild animals?
  27. What is meant by extinct species? Name any two extinct animals?
  28. What is meant by endangered species? Name any two endangered animals?…
  29. Different between endangered species and extinct species.
  30. By taking the example of snakes, explain how by killing small animals, we are actually…
  31. What is Red Data Book?
  32. State one advantage of maintaining Red Data Book.
  33. What do you understand by the term migration?
  34. What is meant by the migration of birds? why do birds migrate?
  35. What are migratory birds? Name one migratory bird which comes to warmer regions of India…
  36. Why does Siberian crane come from Siberia to places like Bharatpur in In India every year.…
  37. What can be done to retain our green wealth for the future generations?…
  38. What is meant by reforestation? What are the advantages of reforestation?…
  39. What are the aims of the Forest Conservation Act, in India ?
  40. Why should we save, reuse and recycle paper?
  41. Explain how, recycling of paper helps it n the conservation of forests.…
  42. With the help of a labeled diagram, describe the basic design of a Biosphere Reserve.…
Long Answer Type Questions
  1. What is meant by the term Wildlife? Why should forests and wildlife be conserved?…
  2. What are the various measures which can be taken to conserve forests and wildlife?…
  3. What are the various purposes for which the forest trees are cut?…
  4. What is effect of deforestation on wild animals?
  5. How does deforestation cause soil erosion?
  6. Explain how, deforestation leads to frequent flooding of rivers.
  7. Explain how, deforestation leads to reduced rainfall.
  8. How does deforestation lead to global warming?
  9. What is a Biosphere Reserve? Name any two Biosphere Reserve of India. Where are this…
Multiple Choice Questions (mcqs)
  1. The part of earth in which living organism exist (or which supports life) is called:A.…
  2. Deforestation increases the level of one of the following in the atmosphere. This one…
  3. Which of the following is not a part of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve?A. Bori Wildlife…
  4. The most rapidly dwindling natural resources in the world is:A. Water B. soil C. sunlight…
  5. Which of the following animal is no longer found in Satpura National Park in Madhya…
  6. Those species (of plants and animals) which are found only in a particular area are…
  7. The migratory bird which comes from Siberia to India for a few months every year is:A.…
  8. Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary is in:A. Rajsthan B. Manipur C. Madhya Pradesh D.…
  9. Which of the following activities, if not checked in time, may ultimately lead to the rise…
  10. Snakes are killed in large numbers because:A. they are very poisonous B. they kill rates…
  11. The National Park which is in Rajasthan is:A. Corbett National Park B. Kanha National Park…
  12. Which of the following wild animals is not listed in the Red Data Book of India?A. black…
  13. The Siberian crane comes to India every year in winter for a few months:A. to escape the…
  14. Which of the following wild animals is a friend of the farmer?A. deer B. rat C. snake D.…
  15. Which of the following is an extinct species of animals?A. tiger B. desert cat C. snow…
  16. Which of the following is not a consequence of deforestation?A. increase in soil erosion…
  17. One of the following is not a part of the fauna of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. This one…
  18. The indiscriminate killing of which of the following animals can lead to loss in the…
  19. Which of the following activities can help in the conservation of forests?A. recycling of…
  20. Which of the following is an endangered species of animals?A. Dinosaur B. Asiatic lion C.…
Questions Based On High Order Thinking Skills (hots)
  1. Large scale deforestation leads to the decrease in the amount of gas A in the atmosphere…
  2. A highly poisonous animal Z which inhabits crop field is commonly known as friend of the…
  3. The species P and Q of wild animals are found only in a particular area. The species R of…
  4. Consider the following animal species: Dodo, Yak, Deer, Black buck, Tiger, Cow, Kashmir…
  5. X is a human activity which will cause an increase in temperature of earths atmosphere…

Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.

Which gas in the atmosphere is used by the trees and plants in photosynthesis?


Answer:

The correct answer is Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is absorbed during photosynthesis by plants.



Question 2.

Which gas in the atmosphere traps the heat rays reflected by the earth?


Answer:

The correct answer is Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide traps the heat rays reflected by the earth and causes global warming.


Question 3.

Write one word for :

Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.


Answer:

The correct answer is Biodiversity

The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered being important and desirable.



Question 4.

What name is given to that part of the earth in which living organism exist (or which supports life)?


Answer:

The correct answer is Biosphere.

The biosphere is composed of the living organisms and the environment. It is the only layer of the planet earth in which life exists and so is unique in itself.


Question 5.

What the three types of protected area which have been earmarked for the conservation of forest and wildlife.


Answer:

Wild life sanctuaries, National parks and Biosphere reserves are the three types of protected area which have been earmarked for the conservation of forest and wildlife.



Question 6.

Name one Wildlife Sanctuary and one National park which are contained in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.


Answer:

The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is located within areas of Hoshangabad, Betul, and Chhindwara Districts in Madhya Pradesh state. It includes three wildlife conservation units:

1. Bori Sanctuary


2. Pachmarhi Sanctuary


3. Satpura National Park



Question 7.

Name any five threatened wild animals which are protected and preserved in our wildlife Sanctuaries.


Answer:

Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Indian monkey, Indian rhinoceros and Indian leopard are the five threatened wild animals which are protected and preserved in our wildlife Sanctuaries.



Question 8.

For what purpose are National Parks in our country established?


Answer:

National parks protect places of natural beauty. national park is home to many endemic species. They also protect places important to Aboriginal people, and places that show how people lived in the past. National parks are protected areas.



Question 9.

Name the first Reserve Forest of India.


Answer:

The correct answer is The first Reserve Forest Of India was Satpura National Park.



Question 10.

Name the objects of historical significance found in Satpura National Park.


Answer:

The objects of historical importance known as rock shelters are found inside this park. These rock shelters are the evidence of prehistoric human life in this jungle. It gives a clue about the life of the primitive people who lived in this area long ago. 55 rock shelters have been identified in this area.



Question 11.

Name two animals which have vanished from? Satpura National Park and two animals which are still found there.


Answer:

Some of the wild animals found in satpura National park are Tiger and Leopard. The two animals that have vanished from satpura national park are Indian white buffalo and swamp deer



Question 12.

What name is given to those species:

(a) that are on the verge of vanishing from earth?

(b) that have died out completely?


Answer:

(a) The endangered species are on the verge of vanishing from earth if proper measures and protection rules will not be implemented along with provision of breeding grounds and natural habitats.

(b) Extinct species have died out due to change in weather and habitat. They have also been wiped out due to irrational human activities like hunting, agricultural land clearance and wildfires



Question 13.

Name the publication which contains record if all the endangered species (plants and animals, etc).


Answer:

The correct answer is IUCN Red list

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.



Question 14.

Name any five endangered specie of animals listed in the Red Data Book of India.


Answer:

Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)

Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)


Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)


Banteng (Bos javanicus)


Central Kashmir vole (Alticola montosa)



Question 15.

What is the answer to deforestation?


Answer:

The answer to deforestation is Afforestation. It is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover.

Reforestation is another answer to deforestation that means the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).



Question 16.

Name the various old paper products which can be recycled.


Answer:

Recycled tote bags

Recycled paper vase


Recycled gift tags


Recycled paper bags and decoration items


The above mentioned items can be recycled and reused. It saves the trees from cutting down and also leads to minimal expenditure.



Question 17.

How many full grown trees are needed to make 1 tonne of paper?


Answer:

25 trees are approximately required to produce 1 ton of paper.



Question 18.

State one way in which we can reuse paper.


Answer:

We can reuse paper in different ways. Here, we are writing some of the common ways to reuse the paper.

1. We can make greeting cards from the used papers.


2. We can make a wallart from used papers.


3. Newspaper or old wrapping paper can be used as package padding―shred, crumple or tear and eliminate the need for Styrofoam!



Question 19.

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

(a) Deforestation increases the level of……………….. in the atmosphere.

(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as……… species.

(c) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called

(d) Satpura National Park is a part of……………… Biosphere Reserve.

(e) Rd Data Book contains a record of……….. species.

(f) Migratory birds fly to faraway places because of……... changes.

(g) In reforestation, the planted trees should be of the same………. Which were cut down in that forest?

(h) Paper can be recycled………… to…... times.


Answer:

(a) The correct answer is Carbon dioxide

Deforestation increases the level of carbon dioxide as in absence of trees it is not used and causes global warming


(b) The correct answer is Endemic Species


Endemic species can survive in that particular habitat.


(c) The correct answer is Wildlife sanctuary


Wildlife sanctuary is a place where animals are given their natural habitat and they have freedom to roam freely. They are also protected.


(d) The correct answer is Pachmarhi


(e) The correct answer is Endangered


Endangered species are on the verge of extinction if they are not protected and bred properly in their respective habitats.


(f) The correct answer is Climatic


Climatic changes like extreme weather makes the migratory birds to move to some other areas for some time and enables them to survive and breed.


(g) The correct answer is Species


In reforestation the forest is regrown. The weather and soil conditions of a particular place is best for the similar species and hence their survival rate also increases.


(h) The correct answer is Five to Seven




Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.

What is meant by deforestation? what are the causes of deforestation?


Answer:

Deforestation is the removal of a forest or strands of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use.

The conversion of forests into agricultural plantations is a major cause of deforestation. The increase in global demand for commodities, such as palm oil and soybeans, are driving industrial-scale producers to clear forests at an alarming rate. Livestock ranching and forest clearing for livestock ranching is another contributor to deforestation.


Question 2.

What are the consequences of deforestation?


Answer:

The consequences of deforestation is a loss of biodiversity. Deforestation also increases greenhouse gas emissions, disrupts the water cycle, increases soil erosion and decreases the natural beauty of an area.



Question 3.

What is desertification? Name one human activity which may lead to desertification.


Answer:

The Desertification is a land degradation in which relatively dry area of land becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water and vegetation and wildlife.

Agriculture, animal husbandry, and groundwater pumping/depletion, are all significant contributors to the process.



Question 4.

Explain how, deforestation makes the soil infertile leading to desertification.


Answer:

Deforestation in simple term means the felling and clearing of forest cover or tree plantations to accommodate agricultural, industrial or urban use. It involves permanent end of forest cover to make that land available for residential, commercial or industrial purpose. Deforestation can also be seen as removal of forests leading to several imbalances ecologically and environmentally. What makes deforestation alarming is the immediate and long term effects it is bound to inflict if continued at the current pace. Some predictions state that the rainforests of the world will be destroyed completely if deforestation continues at its current pace.



Question 5.

What is global warming? Name the gas responsible for causing global warming.


Answer:

Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. the gas responsible for causing global warming is carbon dioxide.



Question 6.

How does deforestation reduce rainfall on the one hand and lead to floods on the other?


Answer:

When trees are cut down and there is desertification in that area so there is no transpiration and hence it result in no or minimal rainfall. When there are floods the absence of trees leads to soil erosion. It is due to the fact due to absence of trees there are no roots to hold the soil together and it gets washed away in flood.



Question 7.

Define the term ‘biosphere’.


Answer:

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating and comprising all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.



Question 8.

Define it:

(i) biodiversity (ii) ecosystem


Answer:

Biodiversity - The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered being important and desirable.

Ecosystem - An ecosystem is a community of living organisms with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked through nutrient cycles and energy flows.



Question 9.

What will happen if the natural habitat of a wild animal is destroyed?


Answer:

If the natural habitat of a wild animal is destroyed then the animals will run towards human habitat. There will be no space for animals and this will eventually force them to die. Plants on other hand will grow enormously and the whole life cycle and food cycle will be disturbed.



Question 10.

What is the purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India?


Answer:

The purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India is to provide protected habitat to animals birds and plants which otherwise will be captured by humans. The other purpose is also to provide ample of space to flora and fauna to survive and grow in numbers without the fear of human intervention. This also leads to conservation and development of natural forest lands.



Question 11.

State the role of Biosphere Reserve.


Answer:

A biosphere reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest.

Each Biosphere Reserve should fulfill three basic functions, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing:


Conservation function–to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation;


Development function–to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable;


Logistic function–to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development.



Question 12.

What is meant by the ‘flora’ and ‘fauna’ of an area? Give two examples of flora and two example of fauna of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.


Answer:

The word "flora" is used to discuss plant life, while the word "fauna" refers to animal life.

Flora in Pachmarhi is Mango and silver ferns.


Fauna in pachmarhi is Tiger and wild boar.



Question 13.

What is meant by the ‘flora’ and ‘fauna’ and which belong to ‘flora of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve ?

Sal, Arjun, Cheetal, Teak, Leopard, Fern, Blue bull, Barking deer, Mango, Wolf.


Answer:

Sal flora

Arjun flora


Teak flora


Fern flora


Mango flora


Leopard Fauna


Blue bull Fauna


Deer Fauna


Wolf Fauna



Question 14.

What is the difference between ‘flora’ and ‘fauna’?


Answer:

flora refers to plants

Fauna refers to animals.



Question 15.

What is meant by ‘Species’ ? Give any five examples of species.


Answer:

A group of living organisms comprising similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Alpaca - Vicugna pacos.


Anole lizard - Anolis carolinensis.


Armadillo - Dasypus novemcinctus.


Bushbaby - Otolemur garnettii.


Cat - Felis catus.


Chicken - Gallus gallus.



Question 16.

What’s do you understand by ‘endemic species’ ? Name two plant species and two animal species endemic to Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve area.


Answer:

Species having relatively small ranges are called endemic species. On remote oceanic islands, almost all the native species are endemic.

The endemic ‘fauna’ animal species are chinkara and nilgai.


The endemic ‘flora’ plant species are Acacia nilotica and Anogeissus latifolia.



Question 17.

Name two man-made causes of deforestation and two natural causes of deforestation.


Answer:

The two man made causes of deforestation are land required for agriculture and urbanisation.

The two natural cause of deforestation are flood and wildfire.



Question 18.

What is a Wildlife Sanctuary? Name any two Wildlife sanctuaries in India. Where are these Sanctuaries located?


Answer:

A wildlife refuge, also called a wildlife sanctuary, is a naturally occurring sanctuary, such as an island, that protects species from hunting, predation or competition; it is a protected area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is protected.

The two wild life sanctuary are


Gulmarg in Jammu and Kashmir.


Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary in Madhyapradesh.



Question 19.

Name any two Bird Sanctuaries in India. Where are these located?


Answer:

The two bird sanctuaries are Atapaka Bird sanctuary and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh.



Question 20.

What are the difference between a Biosphere Reserve & a Wildlife Sanctuary?


Answer:

The difference between Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere

Wildlife sanctuaries -limited number of activities are permitted inside it


Biosphere reserves - limited economic activity (sand mining and stone mining) is permitted.



Question 21.

State the difference between Wildlife Sanctuary and Zoo.


Answer:

Wildlife sanctuary is a selected spot of living for animals and birds. Also, birds and animals are not bred and taken care of in a sanctuary. Instead they take care of themselves and they look after their own living.

A zoo is a created and an artificial habitat for animals and birds. In a zoo, the animals and birds are held in captive. It is a place that is created by man with an intention to keep the birds and animals to be watched by visitors and people as part of the tourism of a country.



Question 22.

What is a National Park? Name any two National Parks of India. Where are these National Park located?


Answer:

A national park is a park in use for conservation. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or wns

Gir Forest national park Gujarat.


Jim corbett National Park Uttrakhand.



Question 23.

What are the differences between a Wildlife Sanctuary and a National Park?


Answer:

Differences between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park are:

1. A National Park is an area of great scenic beauty while Wildlife Sanctuary may or may not be an area of great Scenic beauty.


2. A National Park protects and Preserves wild animals and their environment as well as scenic beauty, historical objects and habitats of scientific interest in the area, while A wildlife sanctuary protects ans preserves only the wild animals in their natural environment.


3. In a National Park, wild animals are kept for recreation, enjoyment. However, National Park protects the wild animals as well. A Wildlife Sanctuary is not meant for enjoyment of the public. A Wildlife Sanctuary is dedicated to the protection of wild animals only.



Question 24.

What do the rock painting found in rock shelters of Satpura National Park depict?


Answer:

The rock painting found in rock shelters of Satpura National Park depict about the Bhimbetka caves one of the oldest known human habitations, dating back to some 10,000 years ago. These caves have paintings dating back from various periods during which they would have been inhabited. So they depict the historical importance of old era.



Question 25.

What is ‘Project Tiger’? What was the aim of these projects?


Answer:

Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in 1973 by the Government of India. The project aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats and also to protect them from extinction and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the diversity of ecosystems across the tiger's distribution in the country.

To factors that leads to reduction of tiger habitats and to mitigate them by suitable management. The damages done to the habitat were to be rectified to facilitate the recovery of the ecosystem to the maximum possible extent.


To ensure a viable population of tigers for economic, scientific, cultural, aesthetic and ecological values.



Question 26.

Why even protected forests are not safe for wild animals?


Answer:

The protected forests are not safe for wild animals because the people from adjacent areas use natural forests resource to fulfil their needs. The smugglers kill animals for money and also set forest on fire to eliminate technology to safeguard animals.



Question 27.

What is meant by extinct species? Name any two extinct animals?


Answer:

An "extinct species" is a species of organism that can no longer be found in the wild or in captivity.

The example of extinct species are Dinosaur and Dodo.



Question 28.

What is meant by endangered species? Name any two endangered animals?


Answer:

The plant or animal species existing in such small numbers it is in danger of becoming extinct, especially such a species placed in jeopardy because of human activity. One of the principal factors in the endangerment or extinction of a species is the destruction or pollution of its habitat.

The two endangered species in India are Great Indian Bustard and snow leopard.



Question 29.

Different between ‘endangered species’ and extinct species.


Answer:

An "extinct species" is a species of organism that can no longer be found in the wild or in captivity. It is already dead and can no longer be found in any part of the world.

The plant or animal species existing in such small numbers it is in danger of becoming extinct, especially such a species placed in jeopardy because of human activity. The specie is on the verge of extinction and have few numbers. If proper measures are not taken then it can also become extinct if proper care and measures are taken then their population can be increased.



Question 30.

By taking the example of snakes, explain how by killing small animals, we are actually harming ourselves.


Answer:

The killing of small animals disturb the life cycle and food chain. For example if we kill snakes, rodents that are eaten by snakes will increase in number and destroy the crop at mass level. In another case if we kill frogs then the number of insects that destroy our crops and are eaten by frogs will damage the crop. In nutshell killing of any animal leads to our own harm.



Question 31.

What is Red Data Book?


Answer:

The Red Data Book is the state document established for documenting rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi and some local subspecies that exist within the territory of the state or country. This book provides authentic central information for studies and monitoring programmes on rare and endangered species and their habits. Red list has 132 species of plants and animals from India.



Question 32.

State one advantage of maintaining Red Data Book.


Answer:

The one advantage of maintaining Red Data Book is that as it contains the information about the species that are endangered and threatened so it helps the government agencies to take the measures to protect them and also increase their number through different modes of rearing and preservation.



Question 33.

What do you understand by the term migration?


Answer:

Migration refers to the movement of a group of animals from one region to another, usually seasonally.

It is found in all major animal groups, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and crustaceans. It is done by the species itself to find better and favorable habitat or by human authorities to locate animals or birds to better and safe habitat for breeding.


Question 34.

What is meant by the migration of birds? why do birds migrate?


Answer:

Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. BIrds also migrate for favourable weather for their survival and breeding.



Question 35.

What are migratory birds? Name one migratory bird which comes to warmer regions of India every year.


Answer:

Migratory birds are those birds that fly hundreds and thousands of kilometres to find the best ecological conditions and habitats for feeding, breeding and raising their young. When conditions at breeding sites become unfavourable, it is time to fly to regions where conditions are better.

The migratory bird which comes to warmer regions of India every year is Pelican.



Question 36.

Why does Siberian crane come from Siberia to places like Bharatpur in In India every year.


Answer:

Siberian cranes comes to India during winter because in Siberia, it is cold, daylight is of shorter duration, food is scarce. So they look for better living conditions else where to rear their young ones and to come to India as it has favourable conditions for their survival.



Question 37.

What can be done to retain our ‘green wealth’ for the future generations?


Answer:

We can retain our Green Wealth for the future generations by taking the following steps

We can focus on afforestation and sustainable development without harming the flora and Fauna of our country and world at large.


We can levy and follow rules and regulations for the conservation, management and increase of green wealth.


We can focus on recycling and reuse of resources.



Question 38.

What is meant by ‘reforestation’? What are the advantages of reforestation?


Answer:

Reforestation - Reforestation is the reestablishment of destroyed forests by planting trees.

The advantages of reforestation are reforestation helps protect important species of plants and provides natural habitat to animals and birds.


It leads to maintaining and improving the social and biological levels of an entire ecosystem.



Question 39.

What are the aims of the ‘Forest Conservation Act, in India ?


Answer:

THE FOREST (CONSERVATION) ACT, 1980 ACT NO. 69 OF 1980 is an act to provide for the conservation of forests and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It says any forest land or any portion thereof may be assigned by way of lease or otherwise to any private person or to any authority, corporation, agency or any other organisation not owned, managed or controlled by Government and any forest land or any portion thereof may be cleared of trees which have grown naturally in that land or portion, to use it for reafforestation. The cultivation of tea, coffee, spices, rubber, palms, oil-bearing plants, horticultural crops or medicinal plants; (b) any purpose other than afforestation, but includes none work relating or ancillary to conservation, development and management of forests and wildlife the establishment of check-posts, fire lines, wireless communications and construction of fencing, bridges and culverts, dams, waterholes, trench marks, boundary marks, pipeline or other like purposes.


Question 40.

Why should we save, reuse and recycle paper?


Answer:

Reducing, reusing and recycling are important because they decrease the amount of waste on the planet and preserve natural resources by maintaining space and cutting down on landfills. Reducing, reusing and recycling reduce consumption of new materials and save energy.



Question 41.

Explain how, recycling of paper helps it n the conservation of forests.


Answer:

Reducing, reusing and recycling are important because they decrease the amount of waste on the planet and preserve natural resources by maintaining space and cutting down on landfills. Reducing, reusing and recycling reduce consumption of new materials and save energy.



Question 42.

With the help of a labeled diagram, describe the basic design of a Biosphere Reserve.


Answer:

The biosphere reserves are traditionally organized into three interrelated zones, known as the core area, the buffer zone, and a transition zone or ‘area of cooperation.’


Core area: includes protected areas, as they act as reference points on the natural state of the ecosystems represented by the biosphere reserves. Information from these core areas may assess the sustainability of activities, or the maintenance of environmental quality, in surrounding areas.




Buffer zone: surrounds or is contiguous to the core area. Activities are organized so they do not hinder the conservation objectives of the core area, but rather help to protect it. The buffer zone might be an area for experimental research, or may involve ways to manage natural vegetation, agricultural land, forests, fisheries or ranchland to enhance overall quality of production while conserving natural processes and biodiversity.


Transition Zone, or Area of Cooperation: the large outer area of a reserve where people live and work, using the natural resources of the area in a sustainable manner. The term ‘area of cooperation’ underscores the role of cooperation as the main tool to achieve the objectives of the biosphere reserve. It is here that the local communities, conservation agencies, scientists, civil associations, cultural groups, businesses and other stakeholders agree to work together to manage and use the area in a sustainable way that will benefit the people who live there.




Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.

What is meant by the term ‘Wildlife’? Why should forests and wildlife be conserved?


Answer:

Wildlife traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but includes all plants, fungi, and other organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.

We should protect forest and wildlife because


Forests provide us oxygen, they cause rainfall, prevents soil erosion, Plants depend on animals and birds for their pollination and seed dispersal. Forests provide us various medicines. Various forest products are used as raw materials in industries.


The wild life including animal, plant and marine biodiversity keeps ecosystems functional and balanced. Healthy ecosystems allow us to survive, get enough food to eat and make a living. Biodiversity is critical to ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity for the millions who depend on nature for their livelihoods.



Question 2.

What are the various measures which can be taken to conserve forests and wildlife?


Answer:

To survey and collect all the information about wildlife, especially, their number and growth.

To delimit the areas of their natural habitat.


To protect wildlife from pollution and from natural hazards.


To impose complete restriction on hunting and capturing of wildlife.


To protect habitat by protecting forests.



Question 3.

What are the various purposes for which the forest trees are cut?


Answer:

Trees are cut down for many reasons.

Trees are cut to make space to build new houses and to clear land to grow crops for human consumption, grass for animals like domestic and milch animals so they can produce dairy foods. The trees are also cut down for production of paper and making of furniture. Sometimes trees are cut to make roads and buildings.



Question 4.

What is effect of deforestation on wild animals?


Answer:

The effect of deforestation on wild animals is severe. The animals lose their natural habitat. They have to look for alternate habitat. Further due to loss of trees, the availability of food is scarce. The food chain is disturbed. In the absence of trees, if there is heavy rainfall, animals drown in flood. Due to deforestation the rains become scanty and animals die due thirst as natural water bodies dries up.



Question 5.

How does deforestation cause soil erosion?


Answer:

Deforestation means cutting of trees. When trees are cut, the soil becomes loose. When there is heavy rainfall or flood, the soil being loose is washed away and this leads to soil erosion. This leads to flood and landsliding.



Question 6.

Explain how, deforestation leads to frequent flooding of rivers.


Answer:

Deforestation plays several roles in the flooding equation Tree roots hold the soil in place, reducing the movement of sediment that can shrink river channels downstream. However in the absence of trees, soil is loosened, and it gets washed away easily with water or torrential rains and is deposited into river. When rivers have soil and water level more than their holding capacity, it lead to over flooding and causes floods.



Question 7.

Explain how, deforestation leads to reduced rainfall.


Answer:

Plants need carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis. Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide will be used up resulting in its increased amount in the atmosphere and increase in greenhouse effect. The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall. When number of trees are reduced then less amount of water is evaporated and hence the reduced evaporation leads to reduced rainfall.



Question 8.

How does deforestation lead to global warming?


Answer:

Deforestation leads to global warming. When trees are there, during the process of photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide (CO2) is used and oxygen is give out. When there are more and more no trees they use more carbon dioxide and give out oxygen and bring more rainfall. However when the number of trees are few, the amount of carbon dioxide is increased. Carbon dioxide causes greenhouse effect and global warming. The reduce rainfall also increases the temperature and causes global warming.



Question 9.

What is a Biosphere Reserve? Name any two Biosphere Reserve of India. Where are this Biosphere Reserve located?


Answer:

Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large area of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination thereof and representative examples of bio-geographic zones/provinces. They are protected and minimally disturbed area of nature conservation. The two biospheres reserves in India are Pachmarhi biosphere reserve in Madhya Pradesh and Nanda Devi in Uttrakhand.




Multiple Choice Questions (mcqs)
Question 1.

The part of earth in which living organism exist (or which supports life) is called:
A. lithosphere

B. globe

C. hydrosphere

D. biosphere


Answer:

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It is due to coexistence of these spheres the life can exist on earth.


Question 2.

Deforestation increases the level of one of the following in the atmosphere. This one is:
A. ozone

B. carbon dioxide

C. oxygen

D. water vapour


Answer:

Deforestation leads to increase in level of carbon dioxide. This leads to increase in greenhouse effect and global warming.


Question 3.

Which of the following is not a part of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve?
A. Bori Wildlife Sanctuary

B. Satpura National Park

C. Bandipur National Park

D. Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary


Answer:

Bandipur National Park, an 874-sq.-km forested reserve in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, is known for its small population of tigers.


Question 4.

The most rapidly dwindling natural resources in the world is:
A. Water

B. soil

C. sunlight

D. forests


Answer:

Forests are full of natural resources and due to human activities like deforestation, agricultural cleaning of land and urbanisation is depleting at a quick rate.


Question 5.

Which of the following animal is no longer found in Satpura National Park in Madhya Pradesh?
A. wild buffalo

B. wild boar

C. marsh crocodile

D. wild dog


Answer:

Wild buffalo has become extinct about 50 years back from Satpura park.


Question 6.

Those species (of plants and animals) which are found only in a particular area are called:
A. epidemic species

B. pelagic species

C. pandemic species

D. endemic species


Answer:

Endemic plants are special because they are found in only one location on the planet, and nowhere else. It is due to the their survival in particular climatic and geological conditions.


Question 7.

The migratory bird which comes from Siberia to India for a few months every year is:
A. crow

B. koel

C. crane

D. kingfisher


Answer:

Crane comes to India because of favourable weather for breeding In SIberia the weather conditions are very harsh.


Question 8.

Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary is in:
A. Rajsthan

B. Manipur

C. Madhya Pradesh

D. Maharashtra


Answer:

Sanjay Gandhi National Park, formerly Borivali National Park, is a large protected area in the northern part of Mumbai city in Maharashtra State in India.


Question 9.

Which of the following activities, if not checked in time, may ultimately lead to the rise in sea level causing the flooding of low-lying coastal areas?
A. desalination

B. desertification

C. deforestation

D. desegregation


Answer:

Deforestation leads to increase in the floods as rain water is washed away into rivers. As level of water in rivers and eventually increases it leads to flooding of low-lying areas. In addition, the increased greenhouse effect due to deforestation leads to high temperature and melting of snow. This agains increases the water level in rivers and flooding of low-lying areas coastal areas.


Question 10.

Snakes are killed in large numbers because:
A. they are very poisonous

B. they kill rates

C. their skin is expensive

D. they damage the crops


Answer:

The snake expensive skin is sold in market for expensive drugs and ointment.


Question 11.

The National Park which is in Rajasthan is:
A. Corbett National Park

B. Kanha National Park

C. Satpura National Park

D. Sariska National Park


Answer:

Sariska Tiger Reserve is a national park and tiger reserve in the Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan India and it has reserves of wildlife like leopard, crocodiles, Sambar, Chitel, Nilgai, Chausingha, Wild Boar and Langur.


Question 12.

Which of the following wild animals is not listed in the Red Data Book of India?
A. black buck

B. flying squirrel

C. tiger

D. leopard


Answer:

Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is a leopard subspecies widely distributed on the Indian subcontinent. About 12,000 to 14,000 leopards were speculated to live in the entire country and are not added in the Red Data Book of India


Question 13.

The Siberian crane comes to India every year in winter for a few months:
A. to escape the severe summer

B. to escape the severe winter

C. to escape the heavy rains

D. to escape from predators


Answer:

The siberian crane comes to India and is found in Satpura as the weather in Siberia is extreme with scarcity of food and light.


Question 14.

Which of the following wild animals is a friend of the farmer?
A. deer

B. rat

C. snake

D. wild buffalo


Answer:

Snake is a friend of farmer because it eats the rodents that cause damage to crops.


Question 15.

Which of the following is an extinct species of animals?
A. tiger

B. desert cat

C. snow leopard

D. dodo


Answer:

The Dodo is an extinct flightless bird endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.


Question 16.

Which of the following is not a consequence of deforestation?
A. increase in soil erosion

B. increase in earth’s temperature

C. decrease in rainfall

D. decrease in floods


Answer:

Deforestation leads to increase in floods. It leads to a decrease in rainfall and water level.


Question 17.

One of the following is not a part of the fauna of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. This one is:
A. yak

B. leopard

C. blue bull

D. barking deer


Answer:

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired domesticated bovid found throughout the Himalaya region of southern Central Asia, The yak-rearing states of India are Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.


Question 18.

The indiscriminate killing of which of the following animals can lead to loss in the production of flood grains?
A. birds

B. snakes

C. grasshoppers

D. rats


Answer:

Snakes killing can increase the number of rodents. When a number of rodents increase they eat away and destroy the crops and hence cause loss in the production of grains.


Question 19.

Which of the following activities can help in the conservation of forests?
A. recycling of cotton shirts

B. recycling of silks blankets

C. recycling of jute ropes

D. recycling of cardboard cartons


Answer:

Cycling of cardboard cartons will lead to a decrease in the level of tree cutting and hence conserve forests.


Question 20.

Which of the following is an endangered species of animals?
A. Dinosaur

B. Asiatic lion

C. Irish deer

D. Hyena


Answer:

The Asiatic lion, also known as the Indian lion and Persian lion, is a lion subspecies that lives as a single population in India's Gujarat State. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List because of its small population size.



Questions Based On High Order Thinking Skills (hots)
Question 1.

Large scale deforestation leads to the decrease in the amount of gas A in the atmosphere whereas the amount of gas B increases. The increased amount of gas B in the atmosphere causes an effect C which leads to excessive heating of the earth and its atmosphere producing an undesirable phenomenon D. What are A, B, C and D?


Answer:

A: Oxygen; B: Carbon dioxide; C: Greenhouse effect; D: Global warming.



Question 2.

A highly poisonous animal Z which inhabits crop field is commonly known as friend of the farmer. It eats up pests like Y and saves the crops from damage. The animal X is killed in large numbers to get its Z which sells in the market at a high price. What are X, y and Z?


Answer:

X:: Snake; Y: Rats; Z:: Skin



Question 3.

The species P and Q of wild animals are found only in a ‘particular area’. The species R of wild animals is listed in Red data book of India whereas species S of wild animals no longer exists anywhere on the earth.

(a) What name is given to species like P and Q?

(b) What are the species like R known as?

(c) Name one species like R.

(d) What is the special name of species like S?

(e) Name one species like S.


Answer:

(a) The correct answer is Endemic species

(b) The correct answer is Endangered species


(c) The correct answer is Tiger


(d) The correct answer is Extinct species


(e) The correct answer is Dinosaur



Question 4.

Consider the following animal species:

Dodo, Yak, Deer, Black buck, Tiger, Cow, Kashmir stag, Dinosaur, Elephant, Lion tailed macaque, Peacock, Snow leopard

Which of these animals are:

(a) endemic to mountain habitats?

(b) endangered species?

(c) extinct species?


Answer:

(a) Yak; Kashmir stag; Snow leopard

(b) Blackbuck; Tiger; Kashmir stag; Lion tailed macaque; Snow leopard


(c) Dodo; Dinosaur



Question 5.

X is a human activity which will cause an increase in temperature of earth’s atmosphere leading to global warming. It can cause soil erosion making the soil infertile and lead to desertification. It can cause decrease in rainfall but increase the flooding of rivers. It can also affect water cycle and lead to the extinction of many wild species. What is X?


Answer:

X is Deforestation that affect water cycle and lead to the extinction of many wild species.