Sociology 3. Social Change

Change is the law of nature.

The inherent nature of life is constant change. Everything in nature changes and finally dies.

School is a positive contribution for cooperative life.

A school is an institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers.

The ‘Theory of Evolution’ was presented by Darwin.

Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

Change is the law of nature. Social change depends upon human behaviour, moral and cultural values, and social rules and regulations. It also indicates the modifications of social process and socio-cultural development.

Social changes refer to the changes that take place due to human inventions and thinking. This is due to the dynamic nature of humans. For example, freedom from slavery is the result of many movements. The changes in the forces of structure and functions of the society are called social changes.

Social changes other transformation that takes place in the lifestyle of the common people.

According to sociologist Mac Iver ‘Social change is the change that takes place in the human social relationships’.

Cooperation is a way adopted by humans to fulfil their basic needs. Most of the social relationships existing in society are based on the system of give and take. This is called cooperation.

There are two types of cooperation

1. Direct co-operation

2. Indirect co-operation.

Explanation: When a child learns in a school, the teacher co-operating directly in the learning process. This is called Direct co-operation. The other members of the school such as the principal, supervisor, caretakers, etc are indirectly co-operating in the learning process. This is called indirect co-operation.

With the help of both these co-operations, the school contributes positively to the community by bringing in many changes.

The basic elements of coexistence are mentioned below:

1. Co-existence is the most important element necessary for the existence and development of human society.

2.It has three-fold intention - secular, socialist and democratic.

3. Everyone should have equal opportunity, independent, social, economical, political and justifiable life.

4. According to Article 14 of the Indian constitution ‘’All are equal before law”. It means equality with reference to caste, religion, race, gender, region etc. No one should face discrimination in any way.

5. Co-existence is required in India to achieve Unity in Diversity.

6. Indian has many castes, religions, languages and culture which should achieve in co-existence. This would make the world a peaceful place to live in and will reduce the violence factors.

Social changes refer to the changes that take place due to human inventions and thinking. This is due to the dynamic nature of humans. For example, freedom from slavery is the result of many movements. The changes in the forces of structure and functions of the society are called social changes.

The characteristics of Social changes as mentioned below:

1. Social changes are a continuous process.

2. Social change is universal.

3. Social change varied in its form and speed.

4. The chain of the social process creates social change.

Yes, social changes necessary for the following reasons:

1. Social change is an inevitable part of the living system of human beings. Change is the law of nature and no society can exist by eliminating it.

2. It is also necessary to catch up with changing the world and to overcome stagnation.

3. There are many social injustices and inequalities that are necessary to address to give everyone equal opportunity to live their life.

4. Every culture of society needs to be continuously revised and improved to attain perfection.

1. According to Darwin '“The evolution of life takes place on the basis of conflict and competition. As the competition increases, only the fittest beings survive and weak beings perish”.

2. Competition begins along with the evolution of human.

3. There is competition among birds and insects for food as well as in humans.

4. A natural form of competition will never have groups or favouritism. The increasing competition is becoming inhuman and creating conflicts in society.

5. This important to formulate some rules of the competition to promote it in a healthy way.

6. Competition with rules and without rules affect the society in both positive and negative ways.

7. The main reason for the increasing competition is the existence of a globalized economy. It has pushed the people to earn more at the cost of health in the name of competition. The outlook of human life has completely changed.

Conflict is an important and effective social process. A Clash of ideas that appear in a group or a team that decides to achieve a specific goal is called conflict. For example in a company, the different heads of different departments may have different ideas regarding the maximization of the profit of the company. This is termed as a conflict.

If the individual or a group of individuals are denied some rights and facilities,s, the assertions to claim those rights and facilities appear either at the individual level or at group level in the form of strike or movement. For example, when the rights of Dalits are violated, the entire society opposes it.

The advantages of conflict are:

1. Conflicts encourage debates and healthy competition, which is suitable for any environment.

2. It improves team cultures and enables one to learn more.

3. It helps the team to accomplish their goals quickly.

4. It clarifies all doubts and queries.

5.It leaves more room for change to occur.

The disadvantages of conflict are:

1. It leads to a stressful working relationship.

2. It is time-consuming and costly for the companies.

3. It reduces the productivity of the workers.

4. It causes stress and mental anxiety on the workers.

5. It may negatively affect the overall accomplishment of goals.

The importance of coexistence is highlighted below:

1. Social coexistence is a phenomenon which is formed according to several geographical, ethical, historical, cultural, religious, political and economic differences. Each type of coexistence depends upon various conditions which influence its faith. It exists within a system with the main aim to promote a balanced state.

2. By decreasing the importance of coexistence we help to develop the ability of compassion towards each other.

3. People often judge others on the basis of many aspects. These differences are not unhealthy in themselves but become so so while judging.

4. Coexisting with each other helps to understand that we must embrace the differences among us.

5. We can embrace those who are different from us by not letting any kind of differences coming between the relation.

6. Coexistence helps us to understand that we all are independent of each other.

7. The societies which do not live peacefully can be easily manipulated by serving poor quality education.

8. A state of coexistence provides psychological and physical conditions for the individuals to reduce tension and increase the efforts of peace among them.

Change is the law of nature. Social change depends upon human behaviour, moral and cultural values, and social rules and regulations. It also indicates the modifications of social process and socio-cultural development.

Social changes refer to the changes that take place due to human inventions and thinking. This is due to the dynamic nature of humans. For example, freedom from slavery is the result of many movements. The changes in the forces of structure and functions of the society are called social changes.

Social changes other transformation that takes place in the lifestyle of the common people.

According to sociologist Mac Iver ‘Social change is the change that takes place in the human social relationships’.

The characteristics of Social changes as mentioned below:

1. Social changes are a continuous process.

2. Social change is universal.

3. Social change varied in its form and speed.

4. The chain of the social process creates social change.

Social change is caused by the social process. According to Park and Burgess , there are 4 types of social processes: Conflict, Cooperation, Coexistence, and Competition.

The concept of a cooperative society is it increasingly becoming popular all over the world. Jyada white range of scope including agriculture, food, finance, etc. They are usually formed to protect the interest of the weaker section of the society. On my recent visit to a cooperative society I have noticed the following features of the same:

1. It was a voluntary Association of people. People were free to join and leave as per their desire.

2. All the people work together irrespective of the caste or religion or any other yardstick.

3. The finance of the society was formed by the pooling of the resources of the members.

4. Every person had some liability towards the organisation.

5. The decision making power rest in the hands of an elected managing committee.

6. A timely training course was also given to which members.