Industries

Cotton yarn that is used in making cotton garments has to go through a long journey from fields to our wardrobes. The first step is naturally growing cotton in the fields which takes a long time and lot of efforts. Cotton is found in small bud like structures. During harvesting season, farmers pluck out cotton buds and separate raw cotton. The raw cotton is then spinned on a handloom or power loom. After spinning, cotton yarn is weaved to make finished cotton cloth. This cloth is used by tailors to make different garments and sold to retailers. We buy garments from retailers and that is how it reaches us.

Agro-based industries are basically units which derive their raw materials from agricultural products.

Some of the examples of agro-based industries are cotton and jute textiles, sugar manufacturing industry or vegetable oil producing industry.

Leather is a highly used material for making shoes. However, the leather that goes into shoe making has to be processed before it could be brought to use.

Inputs: Raw material in the form of unprocessed leather, labor, machinery, an industrial unit.

Process: The process includes converting unprocessed leather called hide into tough leather, and then spinning and finally printing to give it a finished look.

Outputs: Finished leather is then turned into Leather shoes by shoemakers.

Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) is one of the biggest steel producers in India. Production of iron and steel requires many raw materials which are supplied to TISCO from different places. The raw materials with their sources required for TISCO are:

1. Iron-ore: Iron ore is one of the primary raw materials for TISCO. Iron ore comes from mining fields of Orissa (Odisha) and Chhattisgarh.

2. Limestone, dolomite and manganese: Apart from iron ore, various other minerals are also required for iron and steel production like limestone, dolomite manganese. These minerals also come from mining fields of Orissa and Chhattisgarh.

3. Water: Water is used in abundance in any industrial unit. Water for TISCO comes from Kharkai and Subarnrekha rivers which flows through Jamshedpur, Jharkhand where the plant is situated.

Cotton - Cotton is an agro-based product. Cotton cloth is made from raw cotton which is grown in the fields.

Silk - Silk is derived from Silk worms. It comes from the cocoons of the larva of silkworms.

Synthetic - Synthetic is made from the process of chemical synthesis between two or more petroleum and other chemical compounds.

Woolen - Wool is made from the skin of the sheep. Sheep skin is shaved off and processed to form wool threads.

Osaka cotton textile industry is located in Kansai region of Japan. The main raw material of a cotton textile industry is raw cotton. For Osaka textile industry, cotton is imported from India, USA and Egypt.

BEL - Bharat Electronics Limited is an arms and electronics product manufacturing company. It manufactures arms and defense equipments for Indian armed forces. It is one of the Navratan companies of Government of India.

BHEL - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is a manufacturing company. It is India’s largest manufacturer of power plant equipments. It has been given a Maharatan status by government of India for its outstanding performance.

HAL - Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is an aerospace and defense company. It manufactures equipments for aerospace industry and also defense equipment for forces.

NAL - National Aerospace Laboratories is second largest aerospace firm in India. It produces civilian aircrafts and also works for development of aerospace technologies.

DRDO - Defense Research and Development Organization is responsible for military’s research and development. DRDO is India’s largest research organization.

ISRO - Indian Space Research Organization is the space agency of India. It undertakes space based research and explorations, launches satellites into space and monitors its data.

ITI - Industrial Training Institute works to provide industrial and technical training to youth to make them employable. It provides diploma courses in various technical fields.

IISc - Indian Institute of Science is a public university for higher education. It is ranked as India’s best university for science education by several organizations.

NCBS - National Center for Biological Science specializes in high end research in the field of biology. Its interest areas vary from study of single molecules to system biology.

UAS - University of Agricultural Sciences provides higher education and research degrees in the field of agricultural sciences. It is often regarded as best agricultural university in India.

The term industry refers to an economic activity. It is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals and provisions of services. Industry runs with the help of both human resources and machinery and use of various raw materials.

The factors affecting the location of an industry are the availability of raw material, availability of land, abundant water, accessibility of labor, capital, transport connectivity and market accessibility.

Iron and steel industry is often referred as the backbone of modern industry. Right from a simple needle to the most complex machinery is made from steel or tools made from steel.

i. Ships, trains, tracks, airplanes etc are made largely with steel.

ii. Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.

iii. Minerals are mined with steel equipment.

iv. Agricultural equipments are also made from iron and steel.

For any industry to survive, it needs some pre conditions in terms of suitable climate, availability of labour, connectivity etc. Cotton textile industry is no different. Rapid expansion of cotton textile industry in Mumbai is due to favourable climatic conditions i.e, warm moist climate, port for importing machinery, availability of raw material and skilled labour.

Both Bangalore and California are considered to be hubs of Information Technology. Below we discuss some similarities between these two.

Bangalore:

1. Bangalore is located in Deccan plateau of India.

2. The city is known for mild climate throughout the year.

3. Bangalore has the largest number of IT colleges and software companies.

4. It is considered dust-free city.

5. It is located close to major roads and airports.

6. Suitable access to market and skilled workforce.

California:

1. Silicon valley is a part of Santa Clara Valley in California.

2. The area has temperate climate.

3. Proximity to some of the advanced scientific and technological research and educational centres of the world.

4. Pleasant climate with attractive and a clean environment.

5. It is also easily accessible to major roads and airports.

6. Good access to the market and skilled workforce.

Silicon Valley is located in California, USA. It is the largest IT hub in the world. It is home to some of the most renowned IT firms in the world.

Sunrise industries are those industries which are new but are rapidly growing in importance. Information Technology is a sunrise industry. It is not just one of the major employers for educated youth but is also behind some of the most important innovations in our generation.

Jute is a vegetable fibre. It is made from plants.

(i) Iron ore, cotton (Iron ore is used as a raw material for Iron and Steel Industry and Cotton is used as a raw material for Cotton Textile Industry)

(ii) Cotton cloth, Spear and hammer (Cotton cloth is the end product that comes out of cotton textile industry. Iron processed in Iron and Steel industry is used for making spear and hammer.)

(iii) Commerce, Banking (Tertiary sector is known as the service sector of economy. Tertiary sector provides services instead of products.)

(iv) Food processing, Cotton textile (Agro based industries are those industries whose raw materials come from agriculture. Food processing industries use plants, vegetables and fruits all of which comes from different forms of agriculture. Cotton textile industry uses raw cotton as its raw material which also comes through agriculture.)

(v) Basket weaving, pottery (Cottage industries are low scale or village based industries. Such industries are operated by people out of their own homes. The raw materials used are fairly simple and there is minimal use of machineries.)

(vi) Amul, Mother Dairy (A co-operative is an organization which is run in partnership by its members. Costs and profits are shared by each member.)

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