Trace out the changes that have been occurring in the newspaper industry? What is your opinion on these changes?
The changes in newspaper industry are –
1. The growth of television and internet has not been able to side-line the print media. Even now the print industry is growing, the circulation of newspapers is increasing, and many new magazines are been introduced into the market.
2. With the growth of literacy level in the country, the circulation of newspapers is increasing.
3. In small towns and villages, the newspaper in regional languages circulates more than the National Dailies.
4. The Indian or regional language newspapers have also adopted advanced printing technologies and are providing supplements, pull out and literally and Niche booklets.
5. The print industry is undertaking various marketing strategies, market surveys, offering gifts, coupons, etc to retain the existing readers and to invite more.
6. The National Dailies circulate across the country and many people read both English newspapers and regional newspapers.
7. To compete with the electronic media the print media has brought down its prices.
8. There are many newspapers which are available in print as well as on electronic platform.
According to my opinion, the print media is the oldest media and it will never lose its importance and existence in India.
Is radio as a medium of mass communication dying out? Discuss the potential that FM stations have in post-liberalisation India?
1) Under British rule newspapers, magazines, films, and radio comprised the range of mass media.
2) At the time of independence there were only 6 radio stations located in major cities of India which increased to 5,46,200 by 1950.
3) The major constraint for popularization of radio initially was the cost of radio set which was soon overcome by the transistor revolution.
4) Introduction of television majorly brought downfall in the radio listening but the introduction of FM radio stations in 2002 gave a boost to the entertainment programs over radio.
5) The privately-run FM channels are not permitted to broadcast any political news bulletin but these channels specialise in particular kind of popular music to retain their audience.
6) Most of the FM channels belong to media conglomerate, like Radio Mirchi belongs to Times of India Group, Red FM is owned by Living Media, Radio City by Star Network and so on.
7) The potential for using FM channels is enormous.
8) FM channels provide information regarding local news, traffic congestion, new releases, etc which has increased the audience.
In post liberalisation India FM channels have a great potential. The privatisation of radio can bring revolution in entertainment media.
Trace the changes that have been happening in the medium of television. Discuss.
1) Television programming was introduced as experiment in India to promote rural development in 1959.
2) Later Satellite Instructional Television Experiment broadcasted directly to community viewers in rural areas of 6 States between 1975 to 1976.
3) In May 1975 television station was set up under Doordarshan in four cities - Delhi, Mumbai, Srinagar and Amritsar and 3 more stations in Kolkata, Chennai and Jalandhar were added within a year.
4) During 1984-85 the number of television transmitter increased all over India covering a large proportion of population.
5) Various soap operas were aired and the epics like Ramayan, Mahabharat was broadcasted.
6) Post globalisation there has been revolutionary change in television.
7) In 1991 there was one state controlled TV channel called Doordarshan but by 1998 there were almost 70 channels.
8) By mid of 1990 the privately run satellite channels have multiplied.
9) The growth of private satellite television has been one of the defining development of contemporary India.
10) The number of homes with access to satellite TV jump from 40 million in 2002 to 61 million in 2005.
11) Coming of transnational television companies to India was a new change in the history of media and when Star TV was localised then it started many programs especially for Indian viewers.
12) Most television channels along with the news channels came on the format of 24X7 and then the same trend was adopted by the sports channel and other Lifestyle channels.
13) Due to the introduction of satellite TV the television has become the most popular media for Mass Communication.