How did Britain’s involvement in wars from 1793 to 1815 affect British industries?
Britain’s constant engagement in to the wars had impacted the entire country and led to adverse effects which are as below.
i. Trade was disrupted.
ii. Factories were forced to shut down.
iii. More and more people became jobless.
iv. Price of daily needs, and food increased beyond limits.
v. Protest erupted all over the country.
vi. There were riot throughout the country.
vii. Capital that was borrowed was used to fight the wars rather than invested
What were the relative advantages of canal and railway transportation?
The relative advantages or canal and railway transportation are mentioned below.
Canal Transportation.
i. Was extensively used in coal transportation.
ii. The weight of coal made its transport by road slower whereas Canal Transportation increased the speed of the trade.
iii. On the other hand transportation by Canals was cheaper as compared to road transportation.
iv. Since the canals could be joined it led to marketing centres in new towns.
v. Internal and external trade was possible.
Railway Transportation
i. Railway transport was unaffected by rains and weather and hence it remain available throughout the year.
ii. It was cheaper.
iii. It was faster hence passenger preferred rail transport more and on the other hand good were also transported more through rail routes.
iv. Industrialisation attended its second stage because of invention of Railway Transportation.
v. Internal and external trade was possible.
What were the interesting features of the ‘inventions’ of this period?
i. The much prominent feature was construction of Canals andRailways.
ii. Worsley Canal was made by James Brindley in 1761.
iii. Stephenson’s Rocket the first steam locomotive was invented in 1814.
iv. Puffing Devil that can pull trucks around the mine was invented by Richard Trevithick
v. The Blutcher could pull a weight of 30 tons a hill at 4mph was invented by George Stephenson.
vi. The inventors from cotton industry who were skilled in weaving and carpentry were John Kay and James Hargreaves.
vii. Henry Cort designed the puddling furnace.
viii. John Kay designed the flying shuttle loom.
ix. James Watt invented steam engine.
Indicate how the supply of raw materials affected the nature of British industrialisation.
i. Cotton in the form of large rolls were brought to Britain in the form of raw material from their colonies and India being one of them on the other hand this cotton was exported by Britain which was used for weaving clothes and thus they gain profits.
ii. Britain’s industrial method were imposed to gain more raw materials.
iii. There was economic exploitation.
iv. With technical invention a less time was required in spinning and this ultimately led to increase in production. Which was then linked to the theory of Demand and Supply, since there was increase demand for finished products so the demand for raw material increased.
How were the lives of different classes of British women affected by the Industrial Revolution?
During the Industrial revolution, Women along with children worked. There were stringent guidelines and strict discipline for Women.Incase if they disobeyed they were punished as well. Women from different part of the counties began to work in the factories not restricting themselves to farm job or weaving job. Women due to their work in factories became financially independent and got self-respect
Wages which were payed to women as compared to men were low in spite of both men and women putting same effort and same hours of work.
Women gained status in society particularly social status.
Due to technological enhancement more use of machinery was encouraged which meant less workers were required the industrialist employed women majorly, the reason being women work for lower wages and are less disturbed about their environment and poor working conditions.
Cities like Lancashire and Yorkshire employed women on large scale as large cotton industries were established in these cities.
Metal Industries, Knitting Industries and Lace making industries saw more employment of women.
Compare the effects of the coming of the railways in different countries in the world.
Railways made the world looked smaller as they facilitated connections between cities and countries. Railways have gone through a period of remarkable expansion. During 19th century it was said that Railways will be transport of the Future.
Not only travelling but also transport of goods and animals etc was made possible by railways.
Coming up of Railways encouraged the process of industrialisation. Trade and Commerce were accelerated and along with that opportunities were also provided. Imperialist countries were benefited a lot due to expansion of railways.
Railways emerged as a new means of transportation that was
Available throughout the year, it was cheap and fast and carried passengers as well as goods. The number of wagons can be increased or reduced according to the need.