World Climate And Climate Change
Class 11th Fundamental Of Physical Geography CBSE Solution
- Which one of the following is suitable for Koeppen’s “A” type of climate? Multiple choice…
- Koeppen’s system of classification of climates can be termed as: Multiple choice question.…
- Most of the Indian Peninsula will be grouped according to Koeppen’s system under: Multiple…
- Which one of the following years is supposed to have recorded the warmest temperature the…
- Which one of the following groups of four climates represents humid conditions? Multiple…
- Answer the following questions in about 30 words.(i) Which two climatic variables are used…
- Answer the following questions in about 150 words.(i) Make a comparison of the climatic…
Exercises
Question 1.Multiple choice question.
Which one of the following is suitable for Koeppen’s “A” type of climate?
A. High rainfall in all the months
B. Mean monthly temperature of the coldest month more than freezing point
C. Mean monthly temperature of all the months more than 18o C
D. Average temperature for all the months below 10° C
Answer:
Question 2.
Multiple choice question.
Koeppen’s system of classification of climates can be termed as:
A. Applied
B. Systematic
C. Genetic
D. Empirical
Answer:
Since Koeppen uses the available data for temperatures and precipitation to compute the type of climate in an area, his method is empirical in nature.
Question 3.
Multiple choice question.
Most of the Indian Peninsula will be grouped according to Koeppen’s system under:
A. “Af”
B. “BSh”
C. “Cfb”
D. “Am”
Answer:
“Am” is associated with monsoon climate, with seasonal rainfall, as we experience across the Peninsula.
A is incorrect. “Af” is associated with continuous rainfall, but India does experience dry months
B is incorrect. We have sufficient rainfall, and it is not correct to classify India as a B type climate.
C is incorrect. “Cfb” is incorrect, as it is associated with no dry season. But India does experience dry months.
Question 4.
Multiple choice question.
Which one of the following years is supposed to have recorded the warmest temperature the world over?
A. 1990
B. 1998
C. 1885
D. 1950
Answer:
Although the annual global temperatures have been rising, and we have experienced 4 warmest years in a row, 1998 experienced the highest average temperatures in the previous millennium. The increasing trend of global temperatures is visible, as 1998 is closer to the end of millennium than in between.
Question 5.
Multiple choice question.
Which one of the following groups of four climates represents humid conditions?
A. A—B—C—E
B. A—C—D—E
C. B—C—D—E
D. A—C—D—F
Answer:
A, C, D and E are associated with humid climate with varying degrees and distribution of precipitation. B is dry climate and F is not used in Koeppen Classification.
Question 6.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Which two climatic variables are used by Koeppen for classification of the climate?
(ii) How is the “genetic” system of classification different from the “empirical one”?
(iii) Which types of climates have very low range of temperature?
(iv) What type of climatic conditions would prevail if the sun spots increase?
Answer:
(i) Koeppen’s empirical system of classifying the climatic variations by establishing a link between climate and vegetation is based on these variables:
•Mean annual and monthly temperature
•Mean precipitation
(ii) The empirical system of classification employs the use of available data like temperatures and precipitation to classify the climatic types. However, the genetic classification tends to associate the types of climates with their underlying causes.
(iii) The Tropical Humid Climate, found between Tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn, has a very low range of temperature.
(iv) Since sunspots tend to lower the temperature of sun’s surface, their increase would be associated with cooler and wetter climatic conditions.
Question 7.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Make a comparison of the climatic conditions between the “A” and “B” types of climate.
(ii) What type of vegetation would you find in the “C” and “A” type(s) of climate?
(iii) What do you understand by the term “Greenhouse Gases”? Make a list of greenhouse gases.
Answer:
(i)
(ii) The following vegetation would be found:
•“A” type climate: Since the rainfall is plentiful, Tropical Wet Climate usually contains dense Tropical evergreen forests, whereas the Tropical Wet and Dry areas would be dominated by deciduous forest and grasslands.
•“C” type Climate: Since it is characterised by high temperature and seasonal rainfall, it supports tropical forests. These forests are not evergreen; instead the trees shed their leaves during fall. The floor is dominated by ferns and mosses, which also disappear during winters.
(iii) The gases which cause green-house effect are called green-house gases. Green-house effect refers to the property of the gases, by which they can store a part of the heat that falls on them during day-time. Consequently they trap heat and provide warmer conditions for the night. The gases absorb the upward directed long-wave radiations, acting like a glass canopy.
Some green-house gases are:
•Carbon Dioxide
•Methane
•Flouro-carbons
•Ozone
•Oxides of Nitrogen
Project Work
Question 1.Collect information about Kyoto declaration related to global climate changes.
Answer:
Kyoto Protocol was signed by over 192 countries in 1992. Various nations pledged to reduce their green-house gas emissions, by recognising that human-generated CO2 is a major cause of global warming.
The Protocol is based on COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITIES: the developing nations have been given more room to meet the conditions than the developed counterparts. A major reason for this is the recognition of the fact that developed nations have been using coal and other fuels for much longer than the less industrialised countries. Also, there is need for economic up-liftment through the development of manufacturing sectors.
The countries are required to reduce their emissions and also design ways to absorb these gases more, and utilize all available resources to cut the amount of green-house gases in the atmosphere.